Stability and performance of palm based transparent soap with oil palm leaves extract


Citation

Norashikin Ahmad, . and Zafarizal Aldrin Azizul Hasan, . and Siti Hajar Bilal, . Stability and performance of palm based transparent soap with oil palm leaves extract. pp. 724-731. ISSN 2811-4701

Abstract

Oil palm leaves (OPAL) is one of the oil palm waste components that can be extracted for natural phenolics. The OPAL extracts have been successfully extracted via four different extraction procedures; extraction with ethanol (OPAL M1) deoiled and followed by extraction with ethanol (OPAL M2) deoiled and extraction with ethanolic hydrochloric acid (OPAL M3) and aqueous extraction (OPAL M4). In this study pH moisture content hardness foaming power and stability antioxidant activity and colour stability of transparent soaps with OPAL extracts were carried out. The results indicated that all transparent soaps with OPAL extracts had similar pH in the range of 9.88 to 9.98. However there was a significant reduction of moisture content (14.6-16.7) compared to transparent soap control (18.3) due to the evaporation of water during the melting and mixing. The hardness of transparent soaps with OPAL M3 and OPAL M4 was found to be softer than transparent soaps with OPAL M1 and OPAL M2. By adding OPAL extracts the foaming ability and stability were not affected. Transparent soap formulated with OPAL M1 extract exhibited the highest percentage of antioxidant activity (3.7). The use of OPAL extracts is recommended in transparent soap as it provides natural colourant.


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Abstract

Oil palm leaves (OPAL) is one of the oil palm waste components that can be extracted for natural phenolics. The OPAL extracts have been successfully extracted via four different extraction procedures; extraction with ethanol (OPAL M1) deoiled and followed by extraction with ethanol (OPAL M2) deoiled and extraction with ethanolic hydrochloric acid (OPAL M3) and aqueous extraction (OPAL M4). In this study pH moisture content hardness foaming power and stability antioxidant activity and colour stability of transparent soaps with OPAL extracts were carried out. The results indicated that all transparent soaps with OPAL extracts had similar pH in the range of 9.88 to 9.98. However there was a significant reduction of moisture content (14.6-16.7) compared to transparent soap control (18.3) due to the evaporation of water during the melting and mixing. The hardness of transparent soaps with OPAL M3 and OPAL M4 was found to be softer than transparent soaps with OPAL M1 and OPAL M2. By adding OPAL extracts the foaming ability and stability were not affected. Transparent soap formulated with OPAL M1 extract exhibited the highest percentage of antioxidant activity (3.7). The use of OPAL extracts is recommended in transparent soap as it provides natural colourant.

Additional Metadata

[error in script]
Item Type: Article
AGROVOC Term: Soaps
AGROVOC Term: Plant extracts
AGROVOC Term: Foaming
AGROVOC Term: Formulations
AGROVOC Term: Quality controls
AGROVOC Term: analysis
AGROVOC Term: Sampling
AGROVOC Term: Stability
AGROVOC Term: Sustainable development
AGROVOC Term: Agricultural industry
Depositing User: Mr. AFANDI ABDUL MALEK
Last Modified: 24 Apr 2025 00:55
URI: http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10287

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