Water footprint assessment of paddy cultivation: quantifying direct and indirect water consumption

Zainura Zainon Noor, . and Pang Chien Han, . and Nurfarhain Mohamed Rusli, . and Che Hafizan, . Water footprint assessment of paddy cultivation: quantifying direct and indirect water consumption. pp. 110-128. ISSN 2672-7226

Water footprint quantification across products life cycle has become increasingly prominent. Thus this study was conducted focusing on developing a quantification approach for water consumption of paddy cultivation at each growth phase using ISO 14046 as a guideline. A case study applying the proposed methodological framework at Muda Rice Granary Malaysia from the year 2012 to 2015 is presented in this paper. The total irrigation water of paddy planted on Muda Rice Granary ranges from 1800-2600 litres/kg gross paddy. The study was conducted on three phases of paddy growth cycle which were vegetative phase reproductive phase and mature phase. Vegetative phase was identified as the hotspot during paddy cultivation as it has the highest water consumption. The demand for rice in the year 2030 is expected to increase to 533 million tonnes to meet the public demand globally. Therefore it is imperative to identify ways to increase paddy yield while reducing water irrigation to accommodate such a challenge. The outcomes from this research can provide guidelines to the agricultural development authorities rice farm owners government as well as farmers to develop a sustainable paddy cultivation at all levels of rice farming.

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Abstract

Water footprint quantification across products life cycle has become increasingly prominent. Thus this study was conducted focusing on developing a quantification approach for water consumption of paddy cultivation at each growth phase using ISO 14046 as a guideline. A case study applying the proposed methodological framework at Muda Rice Granary Malaysia from the year 2012 to 2015 is presented in this paper. The total irrigation water of paddy planted on Muda Rice Granary ranges from 1800-2600 litres/kg gross paddy. The study was conducted on three phases of paddy growth cycle which were vegetative phase reproductive phase and mature phase. Vegetative phase was identified as the hotspot during paddy cultivation as it has the highest water consumption. The demand for rice in the year 2030 is expected to increase to 533 million tonnes to meet the public demand globally. Therefore it is imperative to identify ways to increase paddy yield while reducing water irrigation to accommodate such a challenge. The outcomes from this research can provide guidelines to the agricultural development authorities rice farm owners government as well as farmers to develop a sustainable paddy cultivation at all levels of rice farming.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Irrigation water
AGROVOC Term:	Plant cultivation
AGROVOC Term:	Paddy
AGROVOC Term:	Water consumption (plants)
AGROVOC Term:	Water consumption (resources)
AGROVOC Term:	Water management
Depositing User:	Mr. AFANDI ABDUL MALEK
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 00:55
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10690

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