Analysis of phenolic profile total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Anacardium occidentale leaves

Normah H., . and Sassi A., . and Khattak M. M. A. K., . and Hanapi M. J., . Analysis of phenolic profile total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Anacardium occidentale leaves. pp. 20-26. ISSN 2550-2166

Anacardium occidentale young leaves are consumed traditionally as part of a Southeast Asian diet. The regular consumption is believed to have beneficial effects on health in general and potentially against type 2 Diabetes mellitus due to its high content of polyphenols. This study was aimed to investigate the polyphenol content of the plant using two methanol extracts; Free Phenolic Extract (FPE) and Bound Phenolic Extract (BPE) as well as highlight the presence of six phenolic acids and flavonoids namely; gallic acid sinapinic acid caffeic acid ferulic acid quercetin and kaempferol using High performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-UV-Vis). The results for polyphenols and flavonoids content showed high amounts of total polyphenols in BPE with 8.50.57 mg GAE/g as well as high amounts of total flavonoids in both extracts FPE and BPE with 0.580.06 and 0.860.05 mg QE/g respectively (p0.05). The presence of these polyphenols was further confirmed by measuring the antioxidant activity through the scavenging of the free radical DPPH which showed an IC‚‚ value for FPE (5.170.64 g/mL BPE (4.960.12 g/mL) compared to the positive control ascorbic acid (4.910.43 g/mL). The high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array confirmed the presence of all four targeted phenolic acids with the highest amount showing in gallic acid and sinapinic acid in BPE with 148.126.44 g gallic acid/g dry weight and 47.021.94 g sinapinic acid/g dry weight respectively. As for flavonoids quercetin was present in both extracts with 20.381.22 g/g dry weight in BPE and 5.210.1 g/g dry weight in FPE while Kaempferol was not detectable in either extract. These findings confirmed the importance of A. occidentale as a rich source of polyphenols which can be further investigated to determine its effects in-vitro and in-vivo on non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes.

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Abstract

Anacardium occidentale young leaves are consumed traditionally as part of a Southeast Asian diet. The regular consumption is believed to have beneficial effects on health in general and potentially against type 2 Diabetes mellitus due to its high content of polyphenols. This study was aimed to investigate the polyphenol content of the plant using two methanol extracts; Free Phenolic Extract (FPE) and Bound Phenolic Extract (BPE) as well as highlight the presence of six phenolic acids and flavonoids namely; gallic acid sinapinic acid caffeic acid ferulic acid quercetin and kaempferol using High performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-UV-Vis). The results for polyphenols and flavonoids content showed high amounts of total polyphenols in BPE with 8.50.57 mg GAE/g as well as high amounts of total flavonoids in both extracts FPE and BPE with 0.580.06 and 0.860.05 mg QE/g respectively (p0.05). The presence of these polyphenols was further confirmed by measuring the antioxidant activity through the scavenging of the free radical DPPH which showed an IC‚‚ value for FPE (5.170.64 g/mL BPE (4.960.12 g/mL) compared to the positive control ascorbic acid (4.910.43 g/mL). The high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array confirmed the presence of all four targeted phenolic acids with the highest amount showing in gallic acid and sinapinic acid in BPE with 148.126.44 g gallic acid/g dry weight and 47.021.94 g sinapinic acid/g dry weight respectively. As for flavonoids quercetin was present in both extracts with 20.381.22 g/g dry weight in BPE and 5.210.1 g/g dry weight in FPE while Kaempferol was not detectable in either extract. These findings confirmed the importance of A. occidentale as a rich source of polyphenols which can be further investigated to determine its effects in-vitro and in-vivo on non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Anacardium occidentale
AGROVOC Term:	Phenolic acids
AGROVOC Term:	Phenolic content
AGROVOC Term:	Antioxidants
AGROVOC Term:	Biochemistry
AGROVOC Term:	Medicinal plants
AGROVOC Term:	analysis
AGROVOC Term:	Impact assessment
AGROVOC Term:	Medicinal properties
AGROVOC Term:	HPLC
Depositing User:	Mr. AFANDI ABDUL MALEK
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 00:55
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10760

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