Land application of sewage sludge and fly ash : single and interactive effects on heavy metal accumulation and yield of mung bean plant

R. P. Singh, . and M. Agrawal, . and Hakimi Ibrahim, . (2010) Land application of sewage sludge and fly ash : single and interactive effects on heavy metal accumulation and yield of mung bean plant. [Proceedings Paper]

A field study was conducted to assess the effects of sewage sludge/fly ash mixture in soils on yield and uptake of heavy metals by mung bean plants. This experiment was conducted by using two sewage sludge SS and fly ash FA ratios 4: 1 and 4:3 and two application rates of sewage sludge/fly ash mixtures to the soil 0.6 and 12 kg m -2. The study indicated that the availability of heavy metals to plants depended on the mixture ratios and the application rates. Treatments of SS/FA mixtures resulted in elevated concentrations of N P K Ca Fe Cu Mn Cd Pb Ni and Zn in the soil. Concentration of heavy metals increased in seeds of mung bean grown in the soil amended with SS FA and their mixtures. The concentration of Ni in seed was above the Indian permissible limit at SSA rate above 6 kg m -2 and Pb and Cd above 9 kg m -2. Concentrations of Pb Cd and Ni were higher than permissible limits at 12 kg m -2 SSA with both the mixtures of SS with fly ash ie. 4:1 and 4:3. Concentration of Pb was also higher than the permissible limit at 9 kg m -2 SSA and mixture of SS with fly ash at 4:3. Yield increased at treatments of SS FA and their mixtures as compared to unamended control. Higher application ratio however reduced the yield. The decrease in yield at higher application rate was probably due to the assimilation of high level of heavy metals which are phytotoxic. The study suggests that the amendment of sewage sludge 6 kg m -2 along with fly ash at 4:3 ratio may be a good option for mung bean as it increased the plant yield as compared to that grown in unamended soil and also the concentration of heavy metal in seeds didn;t cross the permissible limit. Accumulation of Cd Pb and Ni in seed above the permissible limits at higher amendment may cause risk to human health. Lower SS: FA ratios may be more useful to avoid food chain contamination and risk to human health as well in promoting beneficial aspect of sewage sludge and fly ash.

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Abstract

A field study was conducted to assess the effects of sewage sludge/fly ash mixture in soils on yield and uptake of heavy metals by mung bean plants. This experiment was conducted by using two sewage sludge SS and fly ash FA ratios 4: 1 and 4:3 and two application rates of sewage sludge/fly ash mixtures to the soil 0.6 and 12 kg m -2. The study indicated that the availability of heavy metals to plants depended on the mixture ratios and the application rates. Treatments of SS/FA mixtures resulted in elevated concentrations of N P K Ca Fe Cu Mn Cd Pb Ni and Zn in the soil. Concentration of heavy metals increased in seeds of mung bean grown in the soil amended with SS FA and their mixtures. The concentration of Ni in seed was above the Indian permissible limit at SSA rate above 6 kg m -2 and Pb and Cd above 9 kg m -2. Concentrations of Pb Cd and Ni were higher than permissible limits at 12 kg m -2 SSA with both the mixtures of SS with fly ash ie. 4:1 and 4:3. Concentration of Pb was also higher than the permissible limit at 9 kg m -2 SSA and mixture of SS with fly ash at 4:3. Yield increased at treatments of SS FA and their mixtures as compared to unamended control. Higher application ratio however reduced the yield. The decrease in yield at higher application rate was probably due to the assimilation of high level of heavy metals which are phytotoxic. The study suggests that the amendment of sewage sludge 6 kg m -2 along with fly ash at 4:3 ratio may be a good option for mung bean as it increased the plant yield as compared to that grown in unamended soil and also the concentration of heavy metal in seeds didn;t cross the permissible limit. Accumulation of Cd Pb and Ni in seed above the permissible limits at higher amendment may cause risk to human health. Lower SS: FA ratios may be more useful to avoid food chain contamination and risk to human health as well in promoting beneficial aspect of sewage sludge and fly ash.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	Perpustakaan Sultan Abdul Samad Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia. GE90 M3I61 2010 Call Number
AGROVOC Term:	Fly ash
AGROVOC Term:	Heavy metals
AGROVOC Term:	Mung beans
AGROVOC Term:	Sewage sludge
AGROVOC Term:	Yields
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:14
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11646

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