Enhancement of biodiesel yield from high FFA Malaysian rubber seed oil with sodium methoxide treated limestone

Chitra Charan Suri C. K., . and Shahid A., . and Nurul Hidayah M. G., . and Chin K. C, . and Jolius G., . and Said N., . and Liyana Amer S., . (2014) Enhancement of biodiesel yield from high FFA Malaysian rubber seed oil with sodium methoxide treated limestone. [Proceedings Paper]

This paper presents the potential of high free fatty acid FFA Malaysian rubber seed oil MRSO as feedstock for biodiesel production. Pre-calcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using either methanol or sodium methoxide and transesterification was performed under reflux with constant stirring. Mineral composition of the catalyst was analysed using x-ray fluorescence XRF with in build x-ray diffraction XRD. The rubber seed oil was obtained using both microwave and soxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent. FFA content and fatty acid methyl ester content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry GC-MS. The methanol activated limestone based catalyst derived from cement clinker showed an efficient conversion up to 96.7 of high FFA rubber seed oil to biodiesel and the biodiesel yield is 75. The yield ofbiodiese1 improved significantly up to 88 when sodium methoxide loaded clinker was used. The results suggest that the sodium methoxide activated catalyst employed in this work is less likely to be negatively affected by moisture and free fatty acids as compared to the mcthanol activated catalyst. The biodiesel produced in this work is within the limits of specification described by ASTM D675l.

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Abstract

This paper presents the potential of high free fatty acid FFA Malaysian rubber seed oil MRSO as feedstock for biodiesel production. Pre-calcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using either methanol or sodium methoxide and transesterification was performed under reflux with constant stirring. Mineral composition of the catalyst was analysed using x-ray fluorescence XRF with in build x-ray diffraction XRD. The rubber seed oil was obtained using both microwave and soxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent. FFA content and fatty acid methyl ester content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry GC-MS. The methanol activated limestone based catalyst derived from cement clinker showed an efficient conversion up to 96.7 of high FFA rubber seed oil to biodiesel and the biodiesel yield is 75. The yield ofbiodiese1 improved significantly up to 88 when sodium methoxide loaded clinker was used. The results suggest that the sodium methoxide activated catalyst employed in this work is less likely to be negatively affected by moisture and free fatty acids as compared to the mcthanol activated catalyst. The biodiesel produced in this work is within the limits of specification described by ASTM D675l.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	Available at Perpustakaan Sultan Abdul Samad Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia TP339 B615 Call Number
AGROVOC Term:	Biodiesel
AGROVOC Term:	Microwave treatment
AGROVOC Term:	Cement
AGROVOC Term:	Rubber
AGROVOC Term:	Free fatty acids
AGROVOC Term:	Limestone
AGROVOC Term:	Extraction
AGROVOC Term:	Oilseeds
AGROVOC Term:	Malaysia
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:14
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/12105

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