Dietary fatty acids and insulin resistance: implications for preventing diet-related chronic diseases

Ghafoorunissa, . (2005) Dietary fatty acids and insulin resistance: implications for preventing diet-related chronic diseases. [Proceedings Paper]

Insulin resistance (IR) is a common metabolic abnormality that is implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Because the numerous risk indicators and multifactor etiology of these conditions is influenced by diet, these are essentially diet - related chronic diseases. In India, the prevalence of diet -related chronic diseases has increased in recent years because of change in diet and other life-style factors. Recent studies suggest that dietary fatty acids play an important role in the induction of IR possibly due to alterations in the fatty acid composition of structural lipids in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Interestingly, PUFA composition in membrane regulates gene expression, particularly suppression of enzymes of endogenous lipid synthesis and adipocyte proliferation. Studies in rats have shown that diets containing high saturated fatty acids (SFA )or linoleic acid (LA) induce IR but LCn-3PUFA prevent IR induced by diets containing high fat or high sucrose. It has been reported that both SFA and trans fatty acids (TFA) induce IR in obese subjects. This presentation will provide an update on the role of dietary lipids on IR and athero-thrombogenic risk and encapsulate our recent studies on the effects of dietary fatty acid composition on adipocyte plasma membrane and muscle (diaphragm) phospholipids fatty acid composition and insulin sensitivity in rats. The implications of these findings for preventing diet related -chronic diseases in Indians will be discussed.

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Abstract

Insulin resistance (IR) is a common metabolic abnormality that is implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Because the numerous risk indicators and multifactor etiology of these conditions is influenced by diet, these are essentially diet - related chronic diseases. In India, the prevalence of diet -related chronic diseases has increased in recent years because of change in diet and other life-style factors. Recent studies suggest that dietary fatty acids play an important role in the induction of IR possibly due to alterations in the fatty acid composition of structural lipids in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Interestingly, PUFA composition in membrane regulates gene expression, particularly suppression of enzymes of endogenous lipid synthesis and adipocyte proliferation. Studies in rats have shown that diets containing high saturated fatty acids (SFA )or linoleic acid (LA) induce IR but LCn-3PUFA prevent IR induced by diets containing high fat or high sucrose. It has been reported that both SFA and trans fatty acids (TFA) induce IR in obese subjects. This presentation will provide an update on the role of dietary lipids on IR and athero-thrombogenic risk and encapsulate our recent studies on the effects of dietary fatty acid composition on adipocyte plasma membrane and muscle (diaphragm) phospholipids fatty acid composition and insulin sensitivity in rats. The implications of these findings for preventing diet related -chronic diseases in Indians will be discussed.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	Available at Perpustakaan Sultan Abdul Samad, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. TP684 P3I61 2005 Call Number
AGROVOC Term:	fatty acids
AGROVOC Term:	nutrition
AGROVOC Term:	insulin
AGROVOC Term:	chronic course
AGROVOC Term:	diet treatment
AGROVOC Term:	disease prevention
AGROVOC Term:	saturated fatty acids
AGROVOC Term:	unsaturated fatty acids
AGROVOC Term:	inflammation
AGROVOC Term:	human health
Geographical Term:	India
Depositing User:	Nor Hasnita Abdul Samat
Date Deposited:	01 Nov 2025 07:13
Last Modified:	01 Nov 2025 07:13
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1214

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