Genome editing technologies and their potential applications in crop improvement

Rukmini Mishra, . and Zhao Kai-Jun, . (2017) Genome editing technologies and their potential applications in crop improvement. [Proceedings Paper]

Crop improvement is very essential to meet the increasing global food demands and enhance food nutrition. Conventional crop breeding methods like random mutation cross breeding methods and use of genetically modified GM crops have contributed a lot towards world food security. But they have certain limitations such as taking lot of time and resources and causing biosafety concerns. These limitations could be overcome by the recently emerged genome editing tools that can precisely modify DNA sequences at the genomic level by using sequence specific nucleases SSNs. The artificially engineered SSNs such as Zinc finger nucleases ZFNs transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases TALENs and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 CRISPR/Cas9 have proven to be highly effective for genome editing in a wide variety of organisms including plants. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is the most recently developed targeted genome modification system and seems to be more efficient inexpensive easy user friendly and rapidly adopted genome editing tool. Large-scale genome editing has not only improved the yield and quality but also has enhanced the disease resistance ability in several model and other major crops. Increasing case-studies suggest that genome editing is an efficient precise and powerful technology that can accelerate basic and applied research towards crop improvement. In this review we briefly overviewed the structure and mechanism of genome editing tools and their potential applications in crop plants. We have also discussed the broad applications of the targeted genome editing tools and their future prospects towards the improvement of agronomic traits in crops.

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Abstract

Crop improvement is very essential to meet the increasing global food demands and enhance food nutrition. Conventional crop breeding methods like random mutation cross breeding methods and use of genetically modified GM crops have contributed a lot towards world food security. But they have certain limitations such as taking lot of time and resources and causing biosafety concerns. These limitations could be overcome by the recently emerged genome editing tools that can precisely modify DNA sequences at the genomic level by using sequence specific nucleases SSNs. The artificially engineered SSNs such as Zinc finger nucleases ZFNs transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases TALENs and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 CRISPR/Cas9 have proven to be highly effective for genome editing in a wide variety of organisms including plants. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is the most recently developed targeted genome modification system and seems to be more efficient inexpensive easy user friendly and rapidly adopted genome editing tool. Large-scale genome editing has not only improved the yield and quality but also has enhanced the disease resistance ability in several model and other major crops. Increasing case-studies suggest that genome editing is an efficient precise and powerful technology that can accelerate basic and applied research towards crop improvement. In this review we briefly overviewed the structure and mechanism of genome editing tools and their potential applications in crop plants. We have also discussed the broad applications of the targeted genome editing tools and their future prospects towards the improvement of agronomic traits in crops.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	Available at Perpustakaan Sultan Abdul Samad Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia. SB299 P3I61 2017 Call Number.
AGROVOC Term:	Crops
AGROVOC Term:	Plant breeding
AGROVOC Term:	Genetic engineering
AGROVOC Term:	Genomes
AGROVOC Term:	DNA sequence
AGROVOC Term:	Nucleases
AGROVOC Term:	Genetic improvement
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:15
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/13106

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