Biological control of cyst and rootknot forming nematodes

Coosemans J., . (1990) Biological control of cyst and rootknot forming nematodes. [Proceedings Paper]

Some species of endoparasitic fungi prevent nematode population increase and damage to host plants caused by plant parasitic nematodes. The fungal antagonists of nematodes consist of a great variety of arganisms: the nematode trapping or predacious fungi endoparasitic fungi parasites of nematode eggs parasites of nematode cycts and fungi which produce metabolites which are toxic to nematodes. Two approaches are possible in the use of fungi for nematode control: either application as a nematicide i.e. introduction of a high mortality in an existing damaging pest population or the introduction of fungal inoculum into a pest control: the control relies then on the speed of multiplication of the fungi. The value of the latter lies in its persistence and its compatibility with other biotic and abiotic agents in the rhizosphere. Nematode trapping fungi with special adhesive properties such as Arthrobotrys and Dactylaria spp. can be useful in certain soils where large amounts of organic matter are present and where the fungal inoculum can be added to protect high value crops. However trapping fungi have a greater effect on ectoparasitic nematodes which are always exposed to attack than on endoparasites which are protected within roots for much of their active life. Fungi that parasitize eggs and cysts e.g. Verticillium chlamydosporium Catenaria auxiliaris Nematophthora gynophyla seem most suitable for development as biological control agent. Among these V. chlamydosporium has a high hosts specificity it is able to survive host-free periods it is less dependent on the environment and can easily be cultured in vitro. Methods allowing the introduction of V. chlamydosporium into the soil will be discussed : experiment to create an ideal substrate in the rhizosphere for spore and mycelium introduction experiments on inoculation of enriched substrates or amended peat blocks for seedling growing and experiments on seed inoculation by pelleted seeds

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Abstract

Some species of endoparasitic fungi prevent nematode population increase and damage to host plants caused by plant parasitic nematodes. The fungal antagonists of nematodes consist of a great variety of arganisms: the nematode trapping or predacious fungi endoparasitic fungi parasites of nematode eggs parasites of nematode cycts and fungi which produce metabolites which are toxic to nematodes. Two approaches are possible in the use of fungi for nematode control: either application as a nematicide i.e. introduction of a high mortality in an existing damaging pest population or the introduction of fungal inoculum into a pest control: the control relies then on the speed of multiplication of the fungi. The value of the latter lies in its persistence and its compatibility with other biotic and abiotic agents in the rhizosphere. Nematode trapping fungi with special adhesive properties such as Arthrobotrys and Dactylaria spp. can be useful in certain soils where large amounts of organic matter are present and where the fungal inoculum can be added to protect high value crops. However trapping fungi have a greater effect on ectoparasitic nematodes which are always exposed to attack than on endoparasites which are protected within roots for much of their active life. Fungi that parasitize eggs and cysts e.g. Verticillium chlamydosporium Catenaria auxiliaris Nematophthora gynophyla seem most suitable for development as biological control agent. Among these V. chlamydosporium has a high hosts specificity it is able to survive host-free periods it is less dependent on the environment and can easily be cultured in vitro. Methods allowing the introduction of V. chlamydosporium into the soil will be discussed : experiment to create an ideal substrate in the rhizosphere for spore and mycelium introduction experiments on inoculation of enriched substrates or amended peat blocks for seedling growing and experiments on seed inoculation by pelleted seeds

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	9 tables 4 refs.; Summary En
AGROVOC Term:	NEMATODOS DE LAS PLANTAS
AGROVOC Term:	CONTROL BIOLOGICO
AGROVOC Term:	ARTHROBOTRYS
AGROVOC Term:	VERTICILLIUM
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Norfaezah Khomsan
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:26
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14949

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