Feasibility study of Pulau Sembilan, Perak as a potential MPA: the perspective from PGR,TEV and TEI

Nor Hasni Osman, . and Hasimah Sapiri, . and Fadhilah Mohd Zahari, . and Rahimi Abidin, . and Azhar Ahmad, . (2018) Feasibility study of Pulau Sembilan, Perak as a potential MPA: the perspective from PGR,TEV and TEI. [Proceedings Paper]

This paper aims to investigate the potential and feasibility of Pulau Sembilan to be developed as a marine park. The investigation process would identify the main issues and challenges from stakeholders' primary group response (PGR), exploring the prospect of Pulau Sembilan by estimating the Total Economic Value (TEV) for its archipelago and an individual island, which is Pulau Lalang, and further predicting the spillover benefit through Total Economic Impact (TEI) to the surrounding area, particularly Manjung and Bagan Datok District. This study employed hybrid approach by integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in gathering the insight information from relevant stakeholders using a well design interview questions and structured questionnaire survey. The data collection process started from January 2017 until December 2017. Three instruments are developed to ensemble three aggregated stakeholders, which are 1) structured interview for the government agencies, 2) questionnaire survey to the local community, 3) questionnaire survey to the fishermen and the boat operators. Whilst, beside desciptive statistics analysis and transcribing the interview findings, this research employed two models in forward pass the prospect of Pulau Sembilan, namely the cost and benefit analysis (CBA) and System Dynamics (SD) simulation are applied in estimating the TEV and predicting the TEI. It is found that TEV of Pulau Sembilan Archipelago is approximately around RM446.82 million, whilst TEV of Pulau Lalang is RM89.43 million per year. In the next 20 years, if this ecosystem being conserved and preserved, it is estimated to have a value of RM4.25 billion and RM850.82 million for Pulau Sembilan Archipelago and Pulau Lalang respectively. For TEI, it will generate income to the stakeholders including local community around RM25.30 million in 2030. In term of job creations, the entrance of tourists to Pulau Sembilan will create approximately 26,900 jobs in 2020 and will increase to 53,742 in 2030. It shows that job creations for tourism activities such as snorkelling, fishing, diving, accommodation, restaurants and SME business will give a significant economic impact to bounded area spatially from Pulau Sembilan. Commencing the quantitative approach, it seems that Bagan Datuk residents are of a mind towards the establishment of Pulau Sembilan as one of the marine park areas in Malaysia. The local communities are aware about the importance of establishing a new MPA. However, the agreement on establishing a new MPA of Pulau Sembilan is still debatable especially among the fishermen, and fishing boat operators whose incomes reliant on the area of Pulau Sembilan. An idea on proposing only certain islands such as Pulau Lalang to be considered as a marine park area arose in the discourse. In conclusion, the establishment of Pulau Sembilan as a new MPA conceivably influences the socio economic of the residents around the islands. In conveying a new MPA establishment at Pulau Sembilan, the government should take into account the need of the local communities. Therefore, it was suggested that the MPAs in Malaysia alternatively use of a wide range of restrictions in the MPA rules and regulations, from strict no-take areas to areas where resource usage or extraction is only partially restricted.

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Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the potential and feasibility of Pulau Sembilan to be developed as a marine park. The investigation process would identify the main issues and challenges from stakeholders' primary group response (PGR), exploring the prospect of Pulau Sembilan by estimating the Total Economic Value (TEV) for its archipelago and an individual island, which is Pulau Lalang, and further predicting the spillover benefit through Total Economic Impact (TEI) to the surrounding area, particularly Manjung and Bagan Datok District. This study employed hybrid approach by integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in gathering the insight information from relevant stakeholders using a well design interview questions and structured questionnaire survey. The data collection process started from January 2017 until December 2017. Three instruments are developed to ensemble three aggregated stakeholders, which are 1) structured interview for the government agencies, 2) questionnaire survey to the local community, 3) questionnaire survey to the fishermen and the boat operators. Whilst, beside desciptive statistics analysis and transcribing the interview findings, this research employed two models in forward pass the prospect of Pulau Sembilan, namely the cost and benefit analysis (CBA) and System Dynamics (SD) simulation are applied in estimating the TEV and predicting the TEI. It is found that TEV of Pulau Sembilan Archipelago is approximately around RM446.82 million, whilst TEV of Pulau Lalang is RM89.43 million per year. In the next 20 years, if this ecosystem being conserved and preserved, it is estimated to have a value of RM4.25 billion and RM850.82 million for Pulau Sembilan Archipelago and Pulau Lalang respectively. For TEI, it will generate income to the stakeholders including local community around RM25.30 million in 2030. In term of job creations, the entrance of tourists to Pulau Sembilan will create approximately 26,900 jobs in 2020 and will increase to 53,742 in 2030. It shows that job creations for tourism activities such as snorkelling, fishing, diving, accommodation, restaurants and SME business will give a significant economic impact to bounded area spatially from Pulau Sembilan. Commencing the quantitative approach, it seems that Bagan Datuk residents are of a mind towards the establishment of Pulau Sembilan as one of the marine park areas in Malaysia. The local communities are aware about the importance of establishing a new MPA. However, the agreement on establishing a new MPA of Pulau Sembilan is still debatable especially among the fishermen, and fishing boat operators whose incomes reliant on the area of Pulau Sembilan. An idea on proposing only certain islands such as Pulau Lalang to be considered as a marine park area arose in the discourse. In conclusion, the establishment of Pulau Sembilan as a new MPA conceivably influences the socio economic of the residents around the islands. In conveying a new MPA establishment at Pulau Sembilan, the government should take into account the need of the local communities. Therefore, it was suggested that the MPAs in Malaysia alternatively use of a wide range of restrictions in the MPA rules and regulations, from strict no-take areas to areas where resource usage or extraction is only partially restricted.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	Available at Perpustakaan Sultan Abdul Samad, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. QH91.75 M3S471 2018 Call number.
AGROVOC Term:	marine ecology
AGROVOC Term:	coral reefs
AGROVOC Term:	reef fishes
AGROVOC Term:	marine ecosystems
AGROVOC Term:	data collection
AGROVOC Term:	data analysis
AGROVOC Term:	government agencies
AGROVOC Term:	local communities
AGROVOC Term:	environmental impact
AGROVOC Term:	economic value
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Depositing User:	Ms. Azariah Hashim
Date Deposited:	17 Nov 2025 03:44
Last Modified:	17 Nov 2025 03:44
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1613

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