Application of genetic information to sustainable animal production

Mitsuhashi T., . (2004) Application of genetic information to sustainable animal production. [Proceedings Paper]

We often observe a difference in the growth performance or other economical traitsbetween different breeds of animals e.g. difference in marbling between the Wagyu and other breeds of beef cattle. In addition some individuals within a breed or even a herb clearly show higher growth performance than the other individuals. If this variation is genetically determined then the potential exists to identify the responsible gene orlocus and include this information in breeding programs to develop more productive and sustainable animal production systems. The goal of molecular genetic research is to identify DNA variation associated with variation in the traits of interest in other words to identify the locus that confers a significant effect on the phenotype of the animal. Elucidation of the differences in an inherited character at the gene level will contribute not only to more effective livestock breeding but also to the comprehension of the physiological mechanism s underlying the phenotype for the character. DNA polymorphism or differences that exist between individuals include deletion or insertion or addition of a large part of a gene deletion or insertion of several nucleotides or single nucleotide changes SNPs. There is no correlation between the size of the DNA change and the phenotypic effectfpr example even a large phenotypic change may result from SNP. However it is easier to identify the causative sequence change when it is large. For example a large deletion of several hundred bp is more easily identified than a causative SNP or single base insertion or deletion. Although it is still very difficult to identify the responsible gene and sequence change causative mutation the procedures and tools required for trait mapping and identification of the genes has been developed. This paper introduces recent works in this field in pigs and beef cattle which have been developed to commercial usage.

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Abstract

We often observe a difference in the growth performance or other economical traitsbetween different breeds of animals e.g. difference in marbling between the Wagyu and other breeds of beef cattle. In addition some individuals within a breed or even a herb clearly show higher growth performance than the other individuals. If this variation is genetically determined then the potential exists to identify the responsible gene orlocus and include this information in breeding programs to develop more productive and sustainable animal production systems. The goal of molecular genetic research is to identify DNA variation associated with variation in the traits of interest in other words to identify the locus that confers a significant effect on the phenotype of the animal. Elucidation of the differences in an inherited character at the gene level will contribute not only to more effective livestock breeding but also to the comprehension of the physiological mechanism s underlying the phenotype for the character. DNA polymorphism or differences that exist between individuals include deletion or insertion or addition of a large part of a gene deletion or insertion of several nucleotides or single nucleotide changes SNPs. There is no correlation between the size of the DNA change and the phenotypic effectfpr example even a large phenotypic change may result from SNP. However it is easier to identify the causative sequence change when it is large. For example a large deletion of several hundred bp is more easily identified than a causative SNP or single base insertion or deletion. Although it is still very difficult to identify the responsible gene and sequence change causative mutation the procedures and tools required for trait mapping and identification of the genes has been developed. This paper introduces recent works in this field in pigs and beef cattle which have been developed to commercial usage.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
AGROVOC Term:	ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES
AGROVOC Term:	ANIMAL PRODUCTION
AGROVOC Term:	SWINE
AGROVOC Term:	BEEF CATTLE
AGROVOC Term:	BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION
AGROVOC Term:	MOLECULAR GENETICS
AGROVOC Term:	ANIMAL PERFORMANCE
AGROVOC Term:	BREEDING VALUE
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Norfaezah Khomsan
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:27
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16347

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