Managing nitrogen fertilizer for high-yielding crops

Osaki Mitsuru, . (1994) Managing nitrogen fertilizer for high-yielding crops. [Proceedings Paper]

NitrogenN is one of the key determinants OF the yield of crops especially under an intensive management system.Coating is often applied in an effort to control the release of N from urea in Hokkaido Nothern part of Japan.Very high yields have been obtained by this method.The results obtained in this trials indicate that nitrogen nutrition is still a liming factor in crop production.To compare the physiological differences of crop plants in relation to productivity in tropical and temperate regions nitrogen and fertilizer use efficiency of maize in two regions-CIMMYT at Poza Rica in Mexico tropical and Sapporo in Hokkaido temperate-were taken as examples.The grain yield t/haof maize was 4.8 at Poza Rica in summer and 11.4 at Sapporo.Low productivity in tropical maize can be attributed to the following: i nitrogen absorption ceased after flowering ii during maturation nitrogen in leaves was strongly withdrawn by grains which also require high amounts of nitrogen resulting in leaves dying quickly after silking and iii carbon accumulation rate decreased rapidly.As leaf senescence was not halted by the addition of nitrogen during top dressing at silking stage it is assumed that root activity during maturation is the main factor determining the yield of tropical maize.Tropical maize exhibited traits that were quite similar to those of old varieties of temperate maize.

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Abstract

NitrogenN is one of the key determinants OF the yield of crops especially under an intensive management system.Coating is often applied in an effort to control the release of N from urea in Hokkaido Nothern part of Japan.Very high yields have been obtained by this method.The results obtained in this trials indicate that nitrogen nutrition is still a liming factor in crop production.To compare the physiological differences of crop plants in relation to productivity in tropical and temperate regions nitrogen and fertilizer use efficiency of maize in two regions-CIMMYT at Poza Rica in Mexico tropical and Sapporo in Hokkaido temperate-were taken as examples.The grain yield t/haof maize was 4.8 at Poza Rica in summer and 11.4 at Sapporo.Low productivity in tropical maize can be attributed to the following: i nitrogen absorption ceased after flowering ii during maturation nitrogen in leaves was strongly withdrawn by grains which also require high amounts of nitrogen resulting in leaves dying quickly after silking and iii carbon accumulation rate decreased rapidly.As leaf senescence was not halted by the addition of nitrogen during top dressing at silking stage it is assumed that root activity during maturation is the main factor determining the yield of tropical maize.Tropical maize exhibited traits that were quite similar to those of old varieties of temperate maize.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	7 ills. 3 tables 7 refs.
AGROVOC Term:	FERTILIZERS
AGROVOC Term:	NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
AGROVOC Term:	YIELDS
AGROVOC Term:	CROP YIELD
AGROVOC Term:	JAPAN
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Norfaezah Khomsan
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:27
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16505

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