Assessment of Streptomyces sp.and Bacillus sp.against Phytophthora palmivora, the causal agent of durian canker disease through different application methods at the nursery stage


Citation

Nor Dalila Nor Danial and Stella Matthews and Nurul Fahima Mohamad Amaran and Nur Aisyah Anis Abd Kharim (2024) Assessment of Streptomyces sp.and Bacillus sp.against Phytophthora palmivora, the causal agent of durian canker disease through different application methods at the nursery stage. Journal of Agrobiotechnology (Malaysia), 15. pp. 18-24. ISSN 2180-1983

Abstract

Phytophthora palmivorais a natural soil-borne pathogen that infects all parts of the durian tree. It was first reported in 1939 and is still a major problem in durian cultivation. With the increased awareness of the risks of synthetic fungicides usage, the focus of this study is to determine the efficacy of Streptomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. as singular and mixed usage in controlling P. palmivorausing drench and spray application methods at the nursery stage. Thus, we aim to identify the relationship of the variables. Microbe treatments consist of; Control, Streptomyces sp. (10⁸cfu/mL), Bacillus sp.(10¹°cfu/mL)and Streptomyces sp. + Bacillus sp.(10¹°cfu/mL). The application method was by drenching and spraying method. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments in 4 replications using RCBD Design. Data were computed using SAS to assess descriptive analysis, test of a normality, analysis of variance, multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation at a 95% probability level. The mixture is grouped together with treatment Bacillus sp. in the mean separation using Tukey’s Honestly Significant (HSD). The mixture of Streptomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. was the best in controlling the disease at 19.56 mm lesion growth and 74.35% protection percentage. Here treatment Bacillus sp. has a lesion growth of 28.93 mm and 62.05% protection percentage. All treatments containing microbes had a significant difference compared to control treatments (76.23 mm). As for the application method; the drenching method had a significantly higher plant leaf area of 724.7 cm2 and leaf fresh weight of 18.43 g compared to the spraying method. As for the Pearson correlation coefficient, it is seen the leaf fresh weight (P = <.0001; r = 0.71728) had a significantly strong positive correlation with leaf area. Further studies are needed to verify the effect of Streptomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. at the field level, where these microbes will be subjected to current climate conditions.


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Abstract

Phytophthora palmivorais a natural soil-borne pathogen that infects all parts of the durian tree. It was first reported in 1939 and is still a major problem in durian cultivation. With the increased awareness of the risks of synthetic fungicides usage, the focus of this study is to determine the efficacy of Streptomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. as singular and mixed usage in controlling P. palmivorausing drench and spray application methods at the nursery stage. Thus, we aim to identify the relationship of the variables. Microbe treatments consist of; Control, Streptomyces sp. (10⁸cfu/mL), Bacillus sp.(10¹°cfu/mL)and Streptomyces sp. + Bacillus sp.(10¹°cfu/mL). The application method was by drenching and spraying method. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments in 4 replications using RCBD Design. Data were computed using SAS to assess descriptive analysis, test of a normality, analysis of variance, multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation at a 95% probability level. The mixture is grouped together with treatment Bacillus sp. in the mean separation using Tukey’s Honestly Significant (HSD). The mixture of Streptomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. was the best in controlling the disease at 19.56 mm lesion growth and 74.35% protection percentage. Here treatment Bacillus sp. has a lesion growth of 28.93 mm and 62.05% protection percentage. All treatments containing microbes had a significant difference compared to control treatments (76.23 mm). As for the application method; the drenching method had a significantly higher plant leaf area of 724.7 cm2 and leaf fresh weight of 18.43 g compared to the spraying method. As for the Pearson correlation coefficient, it is seen the leaf fresh weight (P = <.0001; r = 0.71728) had a significantly strong positive correlation with leaf area. Further studies are needed to verify the effect of Streptomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. at the field level, where these microbes will be subjected to current climate conditions.

Additional Metadata

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Item Type: Article
AGROVOC Term: Phytophthora palmivora
AGROVOC Term: Streptomyces
AGROVOC Term: Bacillus
AGROVOC Term: plant diseases
AGROVOC Term: durians
AGROVOC Term: research
AGROVOC Term: statistical methods
AGROVOC Term: spraying
AGROVOC Term: biological control agents
AGROVOC Term: plant health
Geographical Term: Malaysia
Uncontrolled Keywords: Phytophthora palmivora, Streptomyces sp., Bacillus sp., durian, application method
Depositing User: Nor Hasnita Abdul Samat
Date Deposited: 28 Mar 2025 01:14
Last Modified: 28 Mar 2025 01:14
URI: http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1682

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