Surface characterisation of chemically modified oil palm empty fruit bunch EFB fibre by SEM and FTIR spectroscopy

Adlin Sabrina Roseley, . (2006) Surface characterisation of chemically modified oil palm empty fruit bunch EFB fibre by SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. [Proceedings Paper]

Chemical modification techniques has been used widely to improve dimensional stability of lignocellulosic material. Any type of lignocellulosic fibre source can be chemically modified since they bear hydroxyl groups from cellulose and lignin. In this study the effects of succinylation on the morphology of refined empty fruit bunch EFB fibres were evaluated. The EFB fibres were pre-treated either with cold water soaking or 1 NaOH prior to the refining process. The advantage of using succinic anhydride in the reaction is that it does not produce any by product that may degrade the quality of the fibre and interfere with the polymerisation reaction of resin during board manufacture. The physical and chemical morphologies of the fibres were examined using Scanning Electron Micrographs SEM and Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR Spectra respectively. Pretreated and untreated fibres were prepared for this study. Both SEM and FTIR analyses indicated newly formed bonds between hydroxyl group and the anhydride after esterification reaction. Cell wall swelling was observed in all samples including samples that have been pre-treated with 1 NaOH. The swelling also took place at the stigmata region which predominate the surface of vascular bundles and was found to have a direct relationship with the weight percent gain value. The swelling effects has not only been observed on the cross section of the individual fibre but also on the surface of the vascular bundles itself and this was considered as an important observation. The surface of the individual fibre however appeared unaffected by neither the alkali treatment nor the succinic anhydride reactions.

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Abstract

Chemical modification techniques has been used widely to improve dimensional stability of lignocellulosic material. Any type of lignocellulosic fibre source can be chemically modified since they bear hydroxyl groups from cellulose and lignin. In this study the effects of succinylation on the morphology of refined empty fruit bunch EFB fibres were evaluated. The EFB fibres were pre-treated either with cold water soaking or 1 NaOH prior to the refining process. The advantage of using succinic anhydride in the reaction is that it does not produce any by product that may degrade the quality of the fibre and interfere with the polymerisation reaction of resin during board manufacture. The physical and chemical morphologies of the fibres were examined using Scanning Electron Micrographs SEM and Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR Spectra respectively. Pretreated and untreated fibres were prepared for this study. Both SEM and FTIR analyses indicated newly formed bonds between hydroxyl group and the anhydride after esterification reaction. Cell wall swelling was observed in all samples including samples that have been pre-treated with 1 NaOH. The swelling also took place at the stigmata region which predominate the surface of vascular bundles and was found to have a direct relationship with the weight percent gain value. The swelling effects has not only been observed on the cross section of the individual fibre but also on the surface of the vascular bundles itself and this was considered as an important observation. The surface of the individual fibre however appeared unaffected by neither the alkali treatment nor the succinic anhydride reactions.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	Abstract only.
AGROVOC Term:	FRUIT
AGROVOC Term:	ELAEIS GUINEENSIS
AGROVOC Term:	OIL PALMS
AGROVOC Term:	ESTERIFICATION
AGROVOC Term:	MALAYSIA
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Norfaezah Khomsan
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:28
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16892

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