Investigation of the liquefaction reaction of empty fruit bunch EFB with phenol

Ali Ahmadzadeh, . and Sarani Zakaria, . (2006) Investigation of the liquefaction reaction of empty fruit bunch EFB with phenol. [Proceedings Paper]

Liquefaction is a novel method using the lignocellulosic waste as a raw material. Lignocellolosic material such as EFB are the heterogenous natural composite mainly composed of cellulose hemicellulose and lignin with different percentage and structure of lignin and hemicellulose. These three components show great differences in accessibility and reactivity during chemical reaction. Therefore the study of nonliquefacted EFB residue properties helps to understand the chemical reaction. EFB liquefaction was carried out in phenol and various acids as a catalyst by using a reflux condenser system at 140 and 170 omnocron C. The crystallinity thermal behaviour and surface morphology of various unreacted EFB residue have been studied by X.R.D. T.G.A. and SEM respectively. It shows that strong acid give low residue and weak acid give high residue. The Scanning Electron Microscope SEM results show the fibril smooth surface and middle lamella reacted followed by the cell wall cellulose reacted. The T.G.A results show hydrophobicity of EFB residue is less than the non reacted EFB. It also shows that the heat resistance of unreacted EFB has been improved. The X.R.D. results show the crystallinity of EFB residue in some of the reaction increase while some other decrease.

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Abstract

Liquefaction is a novel method using the lignocellulosic waste as a raw material. Lignocellolosic material such as EFB are the heterogenous natural composite mainly composed of cellulose hemicellulose and lignin with different percentage and structure of lignin and hemicellulose. These three components show great differences in accessibility and reactivity during chemical reaction. Therefore the study of nonliquefacted EFB residue properties helps to understand the chemical reaction. EFB liquefaction was carried out in phenol and various acids as a catalyst by using a reflux condenser system at 140 and 170 omnocron C. The crystallinity thermal behaviour and surface morphology of various unreacted EFB residue have been studied by X.R.D. T.G.A. and SEM respectively. It shows that strong acid give low residue and weak acid give high residue. The Scanning Electron Microscope SEM results show the fibril smooth surface and middle lamella reacted followed by the cell wall cellulose reacted. The T.G.A results show hydrophobicity of EFB residue is less than the non reacted EFB. It also shows that the heat resistance of unreacted EFB has been improved. The X.R.D. results show the crystallinity of EFB residue in some of the reaction increase while some other decrease.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	11 ills. 12 refs.
AGROVOC Term:	LIQUEFACTION
AGROVOC Term:	PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
AGROVOC Term:	BIOMASS
AGROVOC Term:	ACIDITY
AGROVOC Term:	MALAYSIA
AGROVOC Term:	MALASIA
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Norfaezah Khomsan
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:28
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16898

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