Clonal propagation of oil palm through tissue culture

Wong G., . and Tan C.C., . and Soh A.C., . and Chong S.P., . Clonal propagation of oil palm through tissue culture. pp. 221-230. ISSN 0126-575X

The status of the oil palm tissue culture process with respect to large scale production and floral abnormalities observed in field planted clones are discussed. Production rates at callus induction and differentiation stages using pinnal segments from young spear leaves as explants and embryoid proliferation and germination stages are low unpredictable and variable. All the 128 six-year-old ortets cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media incorporated with auxins (growth regulators) gave calluses at an average rate of 19 per cent at 12 months from inoculation. Eighty-four per cent of the palms were embryogenic at a rate of about 4 per cent. The embryoids were subcultured on MS media auxin at reduced concentration to minimise the risk of somaclonal variation. Fifty-three per cent of the embryoid lines continued to proliferate 17 per cent died off ater 3-4 subcultures; and 30 per cent would should to death after 6-7 subcultures at two-monthly intervals. Rates of embryoid proliferation and germination varied among the embryoid line within and between clones. Embryoid proliferation predominated over embryoid germination at subculture 1-4 with 5-10 per cent of the polyembryogenic cultures sprouting shoots. Prcentage of polyembryogenic cultures forming shoots increased with increase in subculture number. For large scale production of oil palm clones a continuous supply of embryoids for shoot production is critical. Between 1991 to 1998 clones from our laboratory for evaluation of clonal performance and fidelity have been planted over 2 373ha. Floral census of more than 68 000 ramets at the fruiting stage showed 7.1 per cent with mantled fruit bunches. Sixty out of 103 clones were affected. Fruit mantling occured sporadically within and between clones. So far matled clones could not be detected in the lab and nursery.

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Abstract

The status of the oil palm tissue culture process with respect to large scale production and floral abnormalities observed in field planted clones are discussed. Production rates at callus induction and differentiation stages using pinnal segments from young spear leaves as explants and embryoid proliferation and germination stages are low unpredictable and variable. All the 128 six-year-old ortets cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media incorporated with auxins (growth regulators) gave calluses at an average rate of 19 per cent at 12 months from inoculation. Eighty-four per cent of the palms were embryogenic at a rate of about 4 per cent. The embryoids were subcultured on MS media auxin at reduced concentration to minimise the risk of somaclonal variation. Fifty-three per cent of the embryoid lines continued to proliferate 17 per cent died off ater 3-4 subcultures; and 30 per cent would should to death after 6-7 subcultures at two-monthly intervals. Rates of embryoid proliferation and germination varied among the embryoid line within and between clones. Embryoid proliferation predominated over embryoid germination at subculture 1-4 with 5-10 per cent of the polyembryogenic cultures sprouting shoots. Prcentage of polyembryogenic cultures forming shoots increased with increase in subculture number. For large scale production of oil palm clones a continuous supply of embryoids for shoot production is critical. Between 1991 to 1998 clones from our laboratory for evaluation of clonal performance and fidelity have been planted over 2 373ha. Floral census of more than 68 000 ramets at the fruiting stage showed 7.1 per cent with mantled fruit bunches. Sixty out of 103 clones were affected. Fruit mantling occured sporadically within and between clones. So far matled clones could not be detected in the lab and nursery.

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Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Summary (En)
AGROVOC Term:	ELAEIS GUINEENSIS
AGROVOC Term:	OIL PALMS
AGROVOC Term:	VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
AGROVOC Term:	PLANT PROPAGATION
AGROVOC Term:	TISSUE CULTURE
AGROVOC Term:	IN VITRO CULTURE
AGROVOC Term:	SOMACLONAL VARIATION
AGROVOC Term:	PLANTING ELAEIS GUINEENSIS
AGROVOC Term:	PALMAS OLEAGINOSAS
AGROVOC Term:	PROPAGACION VEGETATIVA
Depositing User:	Ms. Norfaezah Khomsan
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:52
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17824

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