Characteristics of sunflower wax, carnauba wax and beeswax in palm superolein blended oil

Norazura Aila Mohd Hassim and Sivaruby Kanagaratnam and Saw, Mei Huey and Nur Haqim Ismail and Rafidah Abd. Hamid and Muhammad Hanif Miskandar and Noor-Soffalina Sofian-Seng (2023) Characteristics of sunflower wax, carnauba wax and beeswax in palm superolein blended oil. Journal of Oil Palm Research (Malaysia), 35 (4). pp. 694-712. ISSN 2811-4701

The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of different percentages (0.0%-3.5%) of sunflower wax (SFW), carnauba wax (CW) and beeswax (BW) in 1:1 (v:v) palm superolein (POOo) and sunflower oil blend (SFO). Selected physicochemical analyses, namely fatty acid composition, crystal structure and shear viscosity were conducted for oleogel or oil system with wax (OSW) selection to be used in a product that is spreadable at low temperature (5°C-10°C) and phase separation does not occur at high temperature (40°C-45°C). Monounsaturated and poly-unsaturated as well as saturated fatty acids of all OSW were significantly different (p<0.05). Crystals in OSW with SFW showed needle-like structure and fibrous, while OSW with CW was observed to be spherulitic and OSW with BW was needle-like in shape at 10°C, 25°C, 40°C and 45°C. OSW with 3.5% SFW and 3.5% CW showed dense packing at 45°C; hence, it had the potential to prevent phase separation in the end product at high temperatures. The shear viscosity of all OSW at all temperatures was below 2.0 Pa.s, in which SFW showed the highest value at 5°C, although the value was low. Therefore, based on the experimental parameters, 3.5% CW can be implied as the best structuring agent, followed by 3.5% SFW.

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of different percentages (0.0%-3.5%) of sunflower wax (SFW), carnauba wax (CW) and beeswax (BW) in 1:1 (v:v) palm superolein (POOo) and sunflower oil blend (SFO). Selected physicochemical analyses, namely fatty acid composition, crystal structure and shear viscosity were conducted for oleogel or oil system with wax (OSW) selection to be used in a product that is spreadable at low temperature (5°C-10°C) and phase separation does not occur at high temperature (40°C-45°C). Monounsaturated and poly-unsaturated as well as saturated fatty acids of all OSW were significantly different (p<0.05). Crystals in OSW with SFW showed needle-like structure and fibrous, while OSW with CW was observed to be spherulitic and OSW with BW was needle-like in shape at 10°C, 25°C, 40°C and 45°C. OSW with 3.5% SFW and 3.5% CW showed dense packing at 45°C; hence, it had the potential to prevent phase separation in the end product at high temperatures. The shear viscosity of all OSW at all temperatures was below 2.0 Pa.s, in which SFW showed the highest value at 5°C, although the value was low. Therefore, based on the experimental parameters, 3.5% CW can be implied as the best structuring agent, followed by 3.5% SFW.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	sunflower oil
AGROVOC Term:	palm oils
AGROVOC Term:	rheological properties
AGROVOC Term:	fatty acids
AGROVOC Term:	beeswax
AGROVOC Term:	lipids
AGROVOC Term:	research
AGROVOC Term:	experimentation
AGROVOC Term:	carnauba wax
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Uncontrolled Keywords:	crystal structure, fatty acid composition, high and low temperature, shear viscosity
Depositing User:	Nor Hasnita Abdul Samat
Date Deposited:	29 Apr 2025 01:18
Last Modified:	29 Apr 2025 01:18
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1783

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