The satellite derivation of depth and total suspended solids assessment for estuarine erosion monitoring within narrow strait using sentinel-2A satellite images

Hashim Siti Syafiqah, . and Aziz Khairul Naim Abd, . and Roslee Ame Azman, . and Tajam Jamil, . and Roslani Muhammad Akmal, . and Kamaruddin Sharir Aizat, . and Mohd Fazly Amri, . (2023) The satellite derivation of depth and total suspended solids assessment for estuarine erosion monitoring within narrow strait using sentinel-2A satellite images. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management (Malaysia), 18 (12). pp. 43-55. ISSN 2672-7226

Estuaries are crucial marine areas for important hydrodynamics processes, such as sediment transport for supporting other marine ecosystems like mangrove forests. This study explores the relationship between total suspended solids (TSS) and water depth within a narrow strait area with Sentinel-2A satellite images. The gravimetric method and Normalise Suspended Material Index (NSMI) were used for TSS analysis and estimations. In contrast, the bathymetric survey and Stumpf ratio transform were used to validate and estimate the water depth from the satellite images. The estimation process begins with an assessment using 2018 in-situ data and further analysis of the differences between 2018 and 2020 using Sentinel-2A image comparison. This study found a relatively moderate estimation between water depth and satellite imagery at 53%, and the TSS estimation results show a stronger relationship of up to 80% as they were both analysed separately. The relationship between TSS and water depth shows a solid connection, which explains the correlation of 75-82% between them by the satellite images. The strong connection of estimation for depth and TSS within the narrow strait suggests continuous monitoring is reliable to support decisions for immediate action at estuarine areas.

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Abstract

Estuaries are crucial marine areas for important hydrodynamics processes, such as sediment transport for supporting other marine ecosystems like mangrove forests. This study explores the relationship between total suspended solids (TSS) and water depth within a narrow strait area with Sentinel-2A satellite images. The gravimetric method and Normalise Suspended Material Index (NSMI) were used for TSS analysis and estimations. In contrast, the bathymetric survey and Stumpf ratio transform were used to validate and estimate the water depth from the satellite images. The estimation process begins with an assessment using 2018 in-situ data and further analysis of the differences between 2018 and 2020 using Sentinel-2A image comparison. This study found a relatively moderate estimation between water depth and satellite imagery at 53%, and the TSS estimation results show a stronger relationship of up to 80% as they were both analysed separately. The relationship between TSS and water depth shows a solid connection, which explains the correlation of 75-82% between them by the satellite images. The strong connection of estimation for depth and TSS within the narrow strait suggests continuous monitoring is reliable to support decisions for immediate action at estuarine areas.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	estuaries
AGROVOC Term:	suspended particulate matter
AGROVOC Term:	depth measurement
AGROVOC Term:	coastal erosion
AGROVOC Term:	satellite imagery
AGROVOC Term:	remote sensing
AGROVOC Term:	sustainability
AGROVOC Term:	estuarine sedimentation
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Depositing User:	Mr. Khoirul Asrimi Md Nor
Date Deposited:	28 Oct 2025 14:57
Last Modified:	28 Oct 2025 14:57
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2171

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