Zinc-complexes in natural rubber latex sulphur vulcanisation system

Siti Nor Qamarina M., . and Amir Hashim M. Y., . Zinc-complexes in natural rubber latex sulphur vulcanisation system. pp. 80-92. ISSN 1511-1768

Zinc-complexes are essential ingredients in natural rubber latex (NRL) sulphur vulcanisation systems as they enhance the vulcanisation efficiency and improve the vulcanisate properties. Sulphur zinc-type accelerators and zinc oxide (ZnO) are the main chemical ingredients utilised in a vulcanisation system. Zinc type accelerators accelerate the vulcanisation process in many rubber products manufacturing while ZnO enhances the vulcanisation efficiency. However these chemicals may form residuals and could be released from the vulcanisates either during the product manufacturing process or from the finished products. These chemicals may contribute towards environmental pollution while some residuals are known to induce Type IV skin sensitivity. Thus understanding the role of these zinc-containing chemicals in the processing of NRL based products can help the optimisation on the amount of chemicals needed for the latex products. This study showed that the amount of residual carbamate (DEC) extracted from vulcanised NRL films reduced with increased amount of ZnO content. The physical properties and crosslink densities of NRL films improved with addition of zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and ZnO. The study also confirmed the effect of heating whereby NRL films heated at high temperature demonstrated prominent differences in physical properties and residual DEC.

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Abstract

Zinc-complexes are essential ingredients in natural rubber latex (NRL) sulphur vulcanisation systems as they enhance the vulcanisation efficiency and improve the vulcanisate properties. Sulphur zinc-type accelerators and zinc oxide (ZnO) are the main chemical ingredients utilised in a vulcanisation system. Zinc type accelerators accelerate the vulcanisation process in many rubber products manufacturing while ZnO enhances the vulcanisation efficiency. However these chemicals may form residuals and could be released from the vulcanisates either during the product manufacturing process or from the finished products. These chemicals may contribute towards environmental pollution while some residuals are known to induce Type IV skin sensitivity. Thus understanding the role of these zinc-containing chemicals in the processing of NRL based products can help the optimisation on the amount of chemicals needed for the latex products. This study showed that the amount of residual carbamate (DEC) extracted from vulcanised NRL films reduced with increased amount of ZnO content. The physical properties and crosslink densities of NRL films improved with addition of zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and ZnO. The study also confirmed the effect of heating whereby NRL films heated at high temperature demonstrated prominent differences in physical properties and residual DEC.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Zinc
AGROVOC Term:	Natural rubber
AGROVOC Term:	Latex
AGROVOC Term:	Sulphur
AGROVOC Term:	Residual effects
AGROVOC Term:	Potassium
AGROVOC Term:	High performance liquid chromatography
AGROVOC Term:	Tensile strength
AGROVOC Term:	Thermal energy
AGROVOC Term:	Heating
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Depositing User:	Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim
Last Modified:	28 Apr 2025 03:10
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23046

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