Rubber friction dependence on roughness and surface energy

Arnolds S. P., . and Roberts A. D., . and Taylor A. D., . Rubber friction dependence on roughness and surface energy. pp. 1-14. ISSN 0127-7065

When a smooth surfaced rubber sphere slides on glass relative motion between surfaces may be only due to waves of detachment (Schallamach waves) crossing the contact region. Remarkably enough the observed friction scarcely depends on sliding speed temperature or rubber type of similar hardness despite rubber being a viscoelastic material. This is in sharp contrast to the classical results of Grosch. His friction data for a wide range of speeds and temperatures showed a pronounced maximum in the friction with increasing rate a characteristic to be expected if viscoelastic processes are involved. New measurements are helping to resolve the paradox. Schallamach waves act as a stress relieving mechanism which prevents a substantial rise in friction with rate. If smooth surfaced rubber samples are deliberately roughened with abrasive then the friction varies with speed and temperature in a manner more in accord with Grosch s data. Apparently surface roughness is important to an overtly viscoelastic response. It also seems to suppress the generation of Schallamach waves and cause the track surface energy to be reflected in the level of friction.

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Abstract

When a smooth surfaced rubber sphere slides on glass relative motion between surfaces may be only due to waves of detachment (Schallamach waves) crossing the contact region. Remarkably enough the observed friction scarcely depends on sliding speed temperature or rubber type of similar hardness despite rubber being a viscoelastic material. This is in sharp contrast to the classical results of Grosch. His friction data for a wide range of speeds and temperatures showed a pronounced maximum in the friction with increasing rate a characteristic to be expected if viscoelastic processes are involved. New measurements are helping to resolve the paradox. Schallamach waves act as a stress relieving mechanism which prevents a substantial rise in friction with rate. If smooth surfaced rubber samples are deliberately roughened with abrasive then the friction varies with speed and temperature in a manner more in accord with Grosch s data. Apparently surface roughness is important to an overtly viscoelastic response. It also seems to suppress the generation of Schallamach waves and cause the track surface energy to be reflected in the level of friction.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Natural rubber
AGROVOC Term:	Rubber
AGROVOC Term:	Measurement
AGROVOC Term:	Experiments
AGROVOC Term:	Friction
AGROVOC Term:	Surface measure
AGROVOC Term:	Glass
AGROVOC Term:	Temperature
AGROVOC Term:	Rotational speed
AGROVOC Term:	Speed
Depositing User:	Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 06:28
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23567

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