Production technology of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate using mild acid catalyst

Nur Sulihatimarsyila Abd Wafti, . and Lik Harrison Nang Lau, . and Choo Y. M., . Production technology of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate using mild acid catalyst. pp. 352-359. ISSN 1511-2780

A two-stage esterification system for the production of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) has been developed using acid catalysts i.e. sulphonic acids. The sulphonic acid catalysts have an excellent solubility property in water phase rendering easy phase separations and also can prevent the formation of undesirable by-products. The optimum reaction conditions for the first stage esterification process was achieved with 2:1 molar ratio of methanol to PFAD with 1.5 wt. of acid catalyst reacted for 90 min at temperature of 65C. The optimum conditions for second stage esterification process enable the reduction of remaining free fatty acids (FFA) in PFAD to less than 2 with catalyst dosage of 1.0 wt. under similar reaction conditions. The reaction product was then purified and subjected to transesterification process; 0.5 wt. sodium hydroxide was used as catalyst at 65C for 90 min. The fuel properties of PFAD biodiesel were found to comply with the European Biodiesel Standard EN 14214:2008. Therefore the developed process for production of biodiesel from low-priced feedstock PFAD is really applicable to actual biodiesel production with most competitive process due to its simplicity and excellent reaction yield.

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Abstract

A two-stage esterification system for the production of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) has been developed using acid catalysts i.e. sulphonic acids. The sulphonic acid catalysts have an excellent solubility property in water phase rendering easy phase separations and also can prevent the formation of undesirable by-products. The optimum reaction conditions for the first stage esterification process was achieved with 2:1 molar ratio of methanol to PFAD with 1.5 wt. of acid catalyst reacted for 90 min at temperature of 65C. The optimum conditions for second stage esterification process enable the reduction of remaining free fatty acids (FFA) in PFAD to less than 2 with catalyst dosage of 1.0 wt. under similar reaction conditions. The reaction product was then purified and subjected to transesterification process; 0.5 wt. sodium hydroxide was used as catalyst at 65C for 90 min. The fuel properties of PFAD biodiesel were found to comply with the European Biodiesel Standard EN 14214:2008. Therefore the developed process for production of biodiesel from low-priced feedstock PFAD is really applicable to actual biodiesel production with most competitive process due to its simplicity and excellent reaction yield.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Biodiesel
AGROVOC Term:	Biofuels
AGROVOC Term:	Catalysts
AGROVOC Term:	Fatty acids
AGROVOC Term:	Esterification
AGROVOC Term:	Drying
AGROVOC Term:	Methanol
AGROVOC Term:	Fatty acids
AGROVOC Term:	Temperature
AGROVOC Term:	Renewable energy
Depositing User:	Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 06:28
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/24330

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