Formulation and optimisation of spent bleaching earth-based bio organic fertiliser


Citation

Soh Kheang Loh, . and Kah Yein Cheong, . and Yuen May Choo, . and Jumat Salimon, . Formulation and optimisation of spent bleaching earth-based bio organic fertiliser. pp. 57-66. ISSN 1511-2780

Abstract

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) generated from the palm oil refinery is convertible into value-added products instead of being discarded as waste to landfills. An alternative approach is to develop SBE-based bio organic fertiliser through co-utilisation with other sources of biomass of contrasting nutrients properties. The feasibility of blending SBE with various forms of biomass “ oil palm trunk (OPT) oil palm frond (OPF) empty fruit bunch (EFB) and chicken litter (CL) “ in different mixing ratios was studied and its optimum ratio determined. The mixtures of SBE and various biomass at different mixing ratios were analysed for their macronutrient and micronutrient content pH organic carbon (OC) total nitrogen carbon:nitrogen ratio (C:N) and organic matter (OM) content. The optimised blend of SBE:OPT:CL at the ratio of 1:1:0.5 exhibited sufficient nutrient contents (N: P2O5: K2O 0.65:1.59:1.63) and good physicochemical properties (pH 5.4 OM 40 and C:N 36:1) as a base material for bio organic fertiliser production. This optimum formulation was further enriched with urea (46 N) Christmas Island rock phosphate (CIRP 25 P2O5) and muriate of potash (MOP 66 K2O) to produce a bio organic fertiliser suitable for vegetable crops with desired nutrients N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 2:2:2.


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Abstract

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) generated from the palm oil refinery is convertible into value-added products instead of being discarded as waste to landfills. An alternative approach is to develop SBE-based bio organic fertiliser through co-utilisation with other sources of biomass of contrasting nutrients properties. The feasibility of blending SBE with various forms of biomass “ oil palm trunk (OPT) oil palm frond (OPF) empty fruit bunch (EFB) and chicken litter (CL) “ in different mixing ratios was studied and its optimum ratio determined. The mixtures of SBE and various biomass at different mixing ratios were analysed for their macronutrient and micronutrient content pH organic carbon (OC) total nitrogen carbon:nitrogen ratio (C:N) and organic matter (OM) content. The optimised blend of SBE:OPT:CL at the ratio of 1:1:0.5 exhibited sufficient nutrient contents (N: P2O5: K2O 0.65:1.59:1.63) and good physicochemical properties (pH 5.4 OM 40 and C:N 36:1) as a base material for bio organic fertiliser production. This optimum formulation was further enriched with urea (46 N) Christmas Island rock phosphate (CIRP 25 P2O5) and muriate of potash (MOP 66 K2O) to produce a bio organic fertiliser suitable for vegetable crops with desired nutrients N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 2:2:2.

Additional Metadata

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Item Type: Article
AGROVOC Term: Palm oils
AGROVOC Term: Bleaching
AGROVOC Term: Biomass
AGROVOC Term: Plant nutrition
AGROVOC Term: Raw materials
AGROVOC Term: Fertilizers
AGROVOC Term: Blending
AGROVOC Term: Chemical composition
AGROVOC Term: Physicochemical properties
AGROVOC Term: Micronutrients
Geographical Term: Malaysia
Depositing User: Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim
Last Modified: 30 Apr 2025 01:15
URI: http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/24356

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