Development of Payang Water Taxi driving cycle using k-means clustering method for evaluation of energy consumption and emissions of plug-in hybrid electric boat

Nurru Anida Ibrahim, . and Wan Muhammad Aiman Wan Anuar, . and Ahmad Luqmanul Hakim Ahmad Tarmizi, . and Siti Norbakyah Jabar, . and Salisa Abdul Rahman, . (2024) Development of Payang Water Taxi driving cycle using k-means clustering method for evaluation of energy consumption and emissions of plug-in hybrid electric boat. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management (Malaysia), 19 (4). pp. 46-56. ISSN 2672-7226

Water taxis are one of the tourist attractions in Terengganu. Water taxis have become a requirement for the city, particularly in urban areas and around the Terengganu River. A service known as Payang Water Taxi has been created for the Kuala Terengganu River to improve the public transportation system in Terengganu, especially the water taxi system. The real-time Payang Water Taxi driving cycle is required to improve energy usage and reduce pollution for each operating water road. The driving cycle represents the behaviour of traffic in an area or city. This study aims to characterise and verify the driving cycle’s parameters, create the Payang Water Taxi driving cycle, and assess PHEB’s fuel efficiency and emissions. The driving cycle development involves three main steps: route selection, data collection, and the development of driving cycles using the k-means method. The driving cycle for the Payang Water Taxi has been effectively developed with eight micro-trips and an average speed of 9.53 km/h (5.15 knots). The Payang Water Taxi’s PHEB powertrain and conventional boat powertrain’s energy use and emissions were compared, and the results showed that PHEB and conventional fuel usage were reduced by 71.19%. In comparison, there is a 124.86% CO emission decrease between PHEB and conventional vehicles.

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Abstract

Water taxis are one of the tourist attractions in Terengganu. Water taxis have become a requirement for the city, particularly in urban areas and around the Terengganu River. A service known as Payang Water Taxi has been created for the Kuala Terengganu River to improve the public transportation system in Terengganu, especially the water taxi system. The real-time Payang Water Taxi driving cycle is required to improve energy usage and reduce pollution for each operating water road. The driving cycle represents the behaviour of traffic in an area or city. This study aims to characterise and verify the driving cycle’s parameters, create the Payang Water Taxi driving cycle, and assess PHEB’s fuel efficiency and emissions. The driving cycle development involves three main steps: route selection, data collection, and the development of driving cycles using the k-means method. The driving cycle for the Payang Water Taxi has been effectively developed with eight micro-trips and an average speed of 9.53 km/h (5.15 knots). The Payang Water Taxi’s PHEB powertrain and conventional boat powertrain’s energy use and emissions were compared, and the results showed that PHEB and conventional fuel usage were reduced by 71.19%. In comparison, there is a 124.86% CO emission decrease between PHEB and conventional vehicles.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	waterway transport
AGROVOC Term:	boats
AGROVOC Term:	energy consumption
AGROVOC Term:	carbon dioxide
AGROVOC Term:	global positioning systems
AGROVOC Term:	sustainable development
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Transport efficiency
Depositing User:	Mr. Khoirul Asrimi Md Nor
Date Deposited:	10 Mar 2025 03:52
Last Modified:	10 Mar 2025 03:52
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2483

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