The effect of oil palm shells on the mechanical and physical properties of composite brick

Muhammad Noor Hakimi Zamri, . and Tuan Azmar Tuan Daud, . and Noor Halini Baharim, . and Wan Zarina Wan Mohamed, . (2024) The effect of oil palm shells on the mechanical and physical properties of composite brick. International Journal of Biomass & Renewables (Malaysia), 13. pp. 23-28. ISSN 2289-1692

Horticultural modern wastes of separating palm oil from palm organic products known as oil palm shell (OPS) are accessible in extensive amounts in Malaysia, Indonesia and other tropical nations. This massive production of palm oil has produced a high amount of waste, which may lead to environmental problems. This study aims to investigate the effects of OPS as a coarse aggregate replacement in bricks. The density and compressive strength performances of bricks incorporated with OPS as a coarse aggregate replacement were investigated. The investigation also analyzed the optimum percentage of OPS added in bricks made by various levels of OPS substitution, from 10% to 40% at intervals of 10%, and compared it with the control brick at 0% OPS. The result showed the advantage of OPS when the density of brick decreased significantly from 2502 kg/m³ at 0% OPS to 2021 kg/m³ at 40% OPS. OPS bricks showed a reduction of 19.2% in weight compared to control bricks. Furthermore, the compressive strength exhibited an optimum of 30% OPS with 506.3 kN, which increased by 7.9% compared to the control brick strength. However, the effect of OPS towards bricks showed a slight decrease compared to control bricks. This shows the workability of OPS as the coarse aggregate replacement has the potential to produce lightweight bricks, improve bricks’ strength, and help reduce environmental problems.

Full text available from: Official URL: https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijbr/article/v...

Abstract

Horticultural modern wastes of separating palm oil from palm organic products known as oil palm shell (OPS) are accessible in extensive amounts in Malaysia, Indonesia and other tropical nations. This massive production of palm oil has produced a high amount of waste, which may lead to environmental problems. This study aims to investigate the effects of OPS as a coarse aggregate replacement in bricks. The density and compressive strength performances of bricks incorporated with OPS as a coarse aggregate replacement were investigated. The investigation also analyzed the optimum percentage of OPS added in bricks made by various levels of OPS substitution, from 10% to 40% at intervals of 10%, and compared it with the control brick at 0% OPS. The result showed the advantage of OPS when the density of brick decreased significantly from 2502 kg/m³ at 0% OPS to 2021 kg/m³ at 40% OPS. OPS bricks showed a reduction of 19.2% in weight compared to control bricks. Furthermore, the compressive strength exhibited an optimum of 30% OPS with 506.3 kN, which increased by 7.9% compared to the control brick strength. However, the effect of OPS towards bricks showed a slight decrease compared to control bricks. This shows the workability of OPS as the coarse aggregate replacement has the potential to produce lightweight bricks, improve bricks’ strength, and help reduce environmental problems.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	oil palms
AGROVOC Term:	bricks
AGROVOC Term:	composite materials
AGROVOC Term:	construction materials
AGROVOC Term:	sugar-beet byproducts
AGROVOC Term:	waste management
AGROVOC Term:	recycling
AGROVOC Term:	density
AGROVOC Term:	environmental protection
AGROVOC Term:	mechanical properties
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Uncontrolled Keywords:	coarse aggregate, composites brick, compressive strength, lightweight brick, oil palm shell
Depositing User:	Nor Hasnita Abdul Samat
Date Deposited:	23 Feb 2026 04:50
Last Modified:	23 Feb 2026 04:50
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2653

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