Evaluation of fungal strains for phytase production using palm kernel expeller in solid-state fermentation

Siti Khairunnisa A., . and Mohd Noor Hisham M. N., . and Shamarina S., . and Nasyatul Ekma M. H., . and Noraini S., . (2025) Evaluation of fungal strains for phytase production using palm kernel expeller in solid-state fermentation. Malaysian Journal of Animal Science (Malaysia), 28 (1). pp. 61-73. ISSN 2550-2123

Phytic acid, a major anti-nutritional factor in plant-based poultry feed, chelates essential minerals and reduces phosphorus bioavailability, leading to increased feed costs and environmental phosphorus loading. This study evaluated three fungal strains Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Rhizopus oligosporus for phytase production through solid state fermentation (SSF) using palm kernel expeller (PKE) as a low-cost substrate. Among the tested strains, A. niger exhibited the highest phytase activity (269.67 ± 13.52 FTU/mL), significantly surpassing A. oryzae (145.92 ± 13.55 FTU/mL) and R. oligosporus (88.42 ± 27.05 FTU/mL) (p < 0.05). Maximum enzyme production occurred between Day 3 and Day 4 of incubation, corresponding with peak fungal biomass (0.0557 ± 0.0054 mg/g). These findings demonstrate that A. niger effectively converts PKE, an abundant agro-industrial by-product in Malaysia, into a value-added product for poultry feed applications. Incorporating phytase produced via SSF could reduce reliance on inorganic phosphate supplements, enhance phosphorus digestibility, and mitigate environmental risks associated with phosphorus runoff. This approach supports sustainable poultry production and aligns with global sustainability targets, including SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The study highlights A. niger as a promising candidate for biotechnological applications in feed formulation, contributing to circular economy practices in the livestock industry.

Full text available from: Official URL: https://mjas.my/mjas-v2/rf/pages/journal/v28i1/6.%...

Abstract

Phytic acid, a major anti-nutritional factor in plant-based poultry feed, chelates essential minerals and reduces phosphorus bioavailability, leading to increased feed costs and environmental phosphorus loading. This study evaluated three fungal strains Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Rhizopus oligosporus for phytase production through solid state fermentation (SSF) using palm kernel expeller (PKE) as a low-cost substrate. Among the tested strains, A. niger exhibited the highest phytase activity (269.67 ± 13.52 FTU/mL), significantly surpassing A. oryzae (145.92 ± 13.55 FTU/mL) and R. oligosporus (88.42 ± 27.05 FTU/mL) (p < 0.05). Maximum enzyme production occurred between Day 3 and Day 4 of incubation, corresponding with peak fungal biomass (0.0557 ± 0.0054 mg/g). These findings demonstrate that A. niger effectively converts PKE, an abundant agro-industrial by-product in Malaysia, into a value-added product for poultry feed applications. Incorporating phytase produced via SSF could reduce reliance on inorganic phosphate supplements, enhance phosphorus digestibility, and mitigate environmental risks associated with phosphorus runoff. This approach supports sustainable poultry production and aligns with global sustainability targets, including SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The study highlights A. niger as a promising candidate for biotechnological applications in feed formulation, contributing to circular economy practices in the livestock industry.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	phytic acid
AGROVOC Term:	poultry feeding
AGROVOC Term:	phosphorus
AGROVOC Term:	feed formulation
AGROVOC Term:	Aspergillus niger
AGROVOC Term:	phytase
AGROVOC Term:	biotechnology
AGROVOC Term:	enzyme activity
AGROVOC Term:	sustainable production
AGROVOC Term:	circular economy
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Uncontrolled Keywords:	phytase, Aspergillus niger, solid-state fermentation, palm kernel expeller, sustainable poultry feed
Depositing User:	Mr. MUHAMMAD FARHAN AFIF MOHD NAZRI
Date Deposited:	17 Aug 2026 03:44
Last Modified:	17 Aug 2026 03:44
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26709

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