Selective cytotoxicity effects of R-glycidol and S-glycidol on Vero and HCT 116 cells in evaluating the incidence of glycidyl esters in edible oils and fats

Siti Nur Syahirah Nor Mahiran, . and Nanthini Ravi, . and Mahboob, Alam and Nurul Huda Abd Kadir, . (2024) Selective cytotoxicity effects of R-glycidol and S-glycidol on Vero and HCT 116 cells in evaluating the incidence of glycidyl esters in edible oils and fats. Journal of Oil Palm Research (Malaysia), 36. pp. 495-509. ISSN 2811-4701

Despite their feasibility as food flavouring, glycidol is classified as a probable carcinogen under group 2A by WHO. The cytotoxicity effects of isomers of R- and S-glycidol on African green monkey kidney normal cell lines (Vero) and human colon cancer cell line (HCT 116) remain unclear. Cell viability of the treated Vero and HCT 116 cells was determined using the AlamarBlue® assay. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) was used to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity. Protein expressions of ERK ½, p-ERK, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were investigated using western blotting technique. The findings indicated that R- and S-glycidol (1.16 µg/mL) exposure dramatically reduced the cell viability of the treated HCT 116 cells but was slightly cytotoxic to Vero cells, hence triggering ROS activity. R- and S-glycidol cause down-regulation of ERK ½, p-ERK, and BCL-2 protein expression at 48 hr of treatment. Furthermore, both R- and S-glycidol possess close interaction in proximity to 3D-structure of human ERK and p-ERK protein receptors. In conclusion, R- and S-glycidol potentially triggered oxidative stress and affected ERK protein phosphorylation, leading to caspase-3 independent cell death of the treated HCT 166 cells, suggesting that lower doses (<1.16 µg/mL) of R- and S-glycidol are safe for human consumption.

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Abstract

Despite their feasibility as food flavouring, glycidol is classified as a probable carcinogen under group 2A by WHO. The cytotoxicity effects of isomers of R- and S-glycidol on African green monkey kidney normal cell lines (Vero) and human colon cancer cell line (HCT 116) remain unclear. Cell viability of the treated Vero and HCT 116 cells was determined using the AlamarBlue® assay. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) was used to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity. Protein expressions of ERK ½, p-ERK, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were investigated using western blotting technique. The findings indicated that R- and S-glycidol (1.16 µg/mL) exposure dramatically reduced the cell viability of the treated HCT 116 cells but was slightly cytotoxic to Vero cells, hence triggering ROS activity. R- and S-glycidol cause down-regulation of ERK ½, p-ERK, and BCL-2 protein expression at 48 hr of treatment. Furthermore, both R- and S-glycidol possess close interaction in proximity to 3D-structure of human ERK and p-ERK protein receptors. In conclusion, R- and S-glycidol potentially triggered oxidative stress and affected ERK protein phosphorylation, leading to caspase-3 independent cell death of the treated HCT 166 cells, suggesting that lower doses (<1.16 µg/mL) of R- and S-glycidol are safe for human consumption.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	food safety
AGROVOC Term:	cytotoxicity
AGROVOC Term:	oxidative stress
AGROVOC Term:	cell death
AGROVOC Term:	carcinogens
AGROVOC Term:	cooking oils
AGROVOC Term:	molecular biology
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Depositing User:	Nor Hasnita Abdul Samat
Date Deposited:	11 May 2026 03:10
Last Modified:	11 May 2026 03:10
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/3419

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