The evaluation of broth-media efficiency and relative risk associated with Salmonella in culled layers and their environment

Raja Arief Deli Raja Nasharuddin, . and Syahrin Suhaimee, . (2023) The evaluation of broth-media efficiency and relative risk associated with Salmonella in culled layers and their environment. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation (Malaysia), 13. p. 4653. ISSN 2462-1757

Salmonellosis is a type of food poisoning that has been implicated in many foodborne outbreaks globally, characterized by acute gastroenteritis with short incubation period, and is caused by Gram negative bacteria belonging to the genus Salmonella. Our preliminary studies have shown the overall prevalence of Salmonella was 14.0% (66/470) from 470 culled layers including environmental samples (feed, faeces, litter and drinking water) isolated from culled layers from farms and wet market in Penang and Kedah, Malaysia. Following to that, we were interested to investigate the efficiency of several enrichment broths and selective media used during the experiment. Interestingly, the isolation of Salmonella was observed more effective with higher isolation rate at 66.7% and 57.6% from Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) enrichment broth and Xylose Lysine Tergitol-4 (XLT-4) selective media, respectively. In addition, the incorporation between Salmonella prevalence data from previous study and relative risk (RR) value for culled layers and their environment was also evaluated to determine risk factors. In this study, RR value was calculated based on the ratio of incidence between layer farms and wet market to indicate risk of disease more likely or less likely to occur. From the prevalence study, there was a significant difference between farms and wet market (p<0.05) and RR value was found higher at wet market comparable to farms. Therefore, the exposure assessment tracks the pathogen from farm to the point of retail within this study, taking into account RR value. Our findings provide clearer perspective on the most efficient method of Salmonella isolation for detection accuracy. Furthermore, this study indicated baseline information on the distribution of Salmonella relative risk in culled layers and environment to form a basis for risk assessment and future interventions.

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Abstract

Salmonellosis is a type of food poisoning that has been implicated in many foodborne outbreaks globally, characterized by acute gastroenteritis with short incubation period, and is caused by Gram negative bacteria belonging to the genus Salmonella. Our preliminary studies have shown the overall prevalence of Salmonella was 14.0% (66/470) from 470 culled layers including environmental samples (feed, faeces, litter and drinking water) isolated from culled layers from farms and wet market in Penang and Kedah, Malaysia. Following to that, we were interested to investigate the efficiency of several enrichment broths and selective media used during the experiment. Interestingly, the isolation of Salmonella was observed more effective with higher isolation rate at 66.7% and 57.6% from Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) enrichment broth and Xylose Lysine Tergitol-4 (XLT-4) selective media, respectively. In addition, the incorporation between Salmonella prevalence data from previous study and relative risk (RR) value for culled layers and their environment was also evaluated to determine risk factors. In this study, RR value was calculated based on the ratio of incidence between layer farms and wet market to indicate risk of disease more likely or less likely to occur. From the prevalence study, there was a significant difference between farms and wet market (p<0.05) and RR value was found higher at wet market comparable to farms. Therefore, the exposure assessment tracks the pathogen from farm to the point of retail within this study, taking into account RR value. Our findings provide clearer perspective on the most efficient method of Salmonella isolation for detection accuracy. Furthermore, this study indicated baseline information on the distribution of Salmonella relative risk in culled layers and environment to form a basis for risk assessment and future interventions.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	drinking water
AGROVOC Term:	feeds
AGROVOC Term:	faeces
AGROVOC Term:	litter size
AGROVOC Term:	food poisoning
AGROVOC Term:	evaluation
AGROVOC Term:	risk assessment
AGROVOC Term:	isolation
AGROVOC Term:	detection
AGROVOC Term:	interventions
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Depositing User:	Mr. Khoirul Asrimi Md Nor
Date Deposited:	26 May 2026 03:51
Last Modified:	26 May 2026 03:51
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/3960

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