The impact of high temperature and drought on photosynthesis rate and stigma condition during anthesis stage using rice (Oryza sativa MR253) as a model plant

Fauzi Jumat, . and Che Radziah Che Mohd Zain, . (2023) The impact of high temperature and drought on photosynthesis rate and stigma condition during anthesis stage using rice (Oryza sativa MR253) as a model plant. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation (Malaysia), 13. pp. 101-107. ISSN 2462-1757

Rice is one of the most important crops in the world, after wheat and corn. This plant is consumed by over 7 billion people worldwide. Until now, rice has dominated the Asian continent because it is a plant that does best in warm and humid climates. The rice industry began to feel the effects of El~Nino after its occurrences in 1997–1998 and 2014–2016 because of prolonged hot and dry conditions. The flowering stage is the most crucial stage for determining rice yield. High temperature and water stress or drought may have an effect on rice flowering. It will indirectly affect the yield of rice production. This research seeks to ascertain how abiotic stress such as water stress and high temperature affects the photosynthesis rate and stigma condition of the rice plant flowering process focusing on the anthesis stage. For this study, the MR 253 variety was used. Plants were subjected to water stress (WS), a high temperature (HT) of 38 °C and a normal (C) temperature 27-34 °C as treatments and controls. The study was conducted under a rain shelter using plant containers and a simulation chamber. The water in the container of WS container was drained out 14 days before flowering to create drought conditions until temporary wilting. The high-temperature simulation was controlled over three days, from 1000h to 1400h with 70% humidity and CO2 at 400ppm, in a phytotron chamber. The results of this observation demonstrated that dry conditions and 3 consecutive days of high temperatures were sufficient to interfere with rice's flowering process, resulting in burned-dry stigma and low photosynthesis rate. Observations revealed that the HT and WS that occurred during the rice flowering phase resulted in a 2.0 to 3.5 t/ha decrease in yield compared to the average national yield (4.5 t/ha).

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Abstract

Rice is one of the most important crops in the world, after wheat and corn. This plant is consumed by over 7 billion people worldwide. Until now, rice has dominated the Asian continent because it is a plant that does best in warm and humid climates. The rice industry began to feel the effects of El~Nino after its occurrences in 1997–1998 and 2014–2016 because of prolonged hot and dry conditions. The flowering stage is the most crucial stage for determining rice yield. High temperature and water stress or drought may have an effect on rice flowering. It will indirectly affect the yield of rice production. This research seeks to ascertain how abiotic stress such as water stress and high temperature affects the photosynthesis rate and stigma condition of the rice plant flowering process focusing on the anthesis stage. For this study, the MR 253 variety was used. Plants were subjected to water stress (WS), a high temperature (HT) of 38 °C and a normal (C) temperature 27-34 °C as treatments and controls. The study was conducted under a rain shelter using plant containers and a simulation chamber. The water in the container of WS container was drained out 14 days before flowering to create drought conditions until temporary wilting. The high-temperature simulation was controlled over three days, from 1000h to 1400h with 70% humidity and CO2 at 400ppm, in a phytotron chamber. The results of this observation demonstrated that dry conditions and 3 consecutive days of high temperatures were sufficient to interfere with rice's flowering process, resulting in burned-dry stigma and low photosynthesis rate. Observations revealed that the HT and WS that occurred during the rice flowering phase resulted in a 2.0 to 3.5 t/ha decrease in yield compared to the average national yield (4.5 t/ha).

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	rice
AGROVOC Term:	stigma
AGROVOC Term:	photosynthesis
AGROVOC Term:	flowering
AGROVOC Term:	drought
AGROVOC Term:	water stress
AGROVOC Term:	abiotic stress
AGROVOC Term:	yields
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Depositing User:	Mr. Khoirul Asrimi Md Nor
Date Deposited:	04 Jun 2026 06:59
Last Modified:	04 Jun 2026 06:59
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/3992

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