Improvement of yield and fruit quality of Garcinia atroviridis Griffith ex. T. Anderson (Asam Gelugor) for the development of high-yielding planting material

Sures Kumar Muniandi, . and Farah Fazwa Md Ariff, . and Samsuri Toh Harun, . and Syafiqah Nabilah Samsul Bahari, . and Norhayati Saffie, . and Masitah Mohd Taini, . and Nor Izatty Atikah Binti Jefri Sham, . (2023) Improvement of yield and fruit quality of Garcinia atroviridis Griffith ex. T. Anderson (Asam Gelugor) for the development of high-yielding planting material. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation (Malaysia), 13. pp. 250-257. ISSN 2462-1757

Garcinia atroviridis or commonly known as asam gelugor or asam keping is a large perennial fruit tree species that grows throughout the rainforest of Southeast Asia. The species can be found in a large part of the northern states of Peninsular Malaysia and is widely cultivated in India, Indonesia, and Thailand for its culinary and medicinal uses. The tree can grow up to 30 m high, has drooping branches, and produces a yellowish to orange fruit when it is ripe. The acidic nature of fruit with ascorbic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid, has antioxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-microbial properties. However, the fruit is commonly used for weight reduction due to its high content of hydroxycitric acid (HCA) with fat-burning properties. Increasing awareness of the medicinal value of this fruit has led to an upsurge in market demand. However, the dioecious nature of the species makes it difficult to propagate by seeds that produce a high percentage of male trees that can only be identified when the tree starts to reach its reproductive stage after 7 to 10 years of planting. Initiatives have been taken to develop an appropriate vegetative propagation method for the clonal propagation of high-yielding mother trees. Hence, this study aims to select the superior and productive female mother tree based on its HCA content, superior phenotype, and fruit characteristics. The selection was carried out at various sites from different parts of Peninsular Malaysia by selecting at least 30 potential mother trees from each population. A few preliminary trials were undertaken to study the rooting ability of asam gelugor cuttings and the ability of root cuttings to produce new shoots. Preliminary results found no root formation from the stem cuttings even after being treated with rooting hormone. Cuttings stayed green with the formation of tiny fresh multiple leaves on the tip of the cuttings in a cluster and started to decay slowly after 3 months in the propagation bed. Root cuttings produced new shoots directly from the wounded root section, and transplanted root cuttings were able to initiate new roots from the donor roots in the nursery. Production of clonal planting materials in the nursery is still at an early development stage and factors affecting the root formation from the cuttings need to be optimized for mass propagation of selected superior mother trees.

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Abstract

Garcinia atroviridis or commonly known as asam gelugor or asam keping is a large perennial fruit tree species that grows throughout the rainforest of Southeast Asia. The species can be found in a large part of the northern states of Peninsular Malaysia and is widely cultivated in India, Indonesia, and Thailand for its culinary and medicinal uses. The tree can grow up to 30 m high, has drooping branches, and produces a yellowish to orange fruit when it is ripe. The acidic nature of fruit with ascorbic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid, has antioxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-microbial properties. However, the fruit is commonly used for weight reduction due to its high content of hydroxycitric acid (HCA) with fat-burning properties. Increasing awareness of the medicinal value of this fruit has led to an upsurge in market demand. However, the dioecious nature of the species makes it difficult to propagate by seeds that produce a high percentage of male trees that can only be identified when the tree starts to reach its reproductive stage after 7 to 10 years of planting. Initiatives have been taken to develop an appropriate vegetative propagation method for the clonal propagation of high-yielding mother trees. Hence, this study aims to select the superior and productive female mother tree based on its HCA content, superior phenotype, and fruit characteristics. The selection was carried out at various sites from different parts of Peninsular Malaysia by selecting at least 30 potential mother trees from each population. A few preliminary trials were undertaken to study the rooting ability of asam gelugor cuttings and the ability of root cuttings to produce new shoots. Preliminary results found no root formation from the stem cuttings even after being treated with rooting hormone. Cuttings stayed green with the formation of tiny fresh multiple leaves on the tip of the cuttings in a cluster and started to decay slowly after 3 months in the propagation bed. Root cuttings produced new shoots directly from the wounded root section, and transplanted root cuttings were able to initiate new roots from the donor roots in the nursery. Production of clonal planting materials in the nursery is still at an early development stage and factors affecting the root formation from the cuttings need to be optimized for mass propagation of selected superior mother trees.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	fruit quality
AGROVOC Term:	vegetative propagation
AGROVOC Term:	selection
AGROVOC Term:	rooting
AGROVOC Term:	weight reduction
Geographical Term:	India
Depositing User:	Mr. Khoirul Asrimi Md Nor
Date Deposited:	11 Jun 2026 08:16
Last Modified:	11 Jun 2026 08:16
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/4025

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