Evaluation of transplanted lichens Parmotrema tinctorum and Usnea diffracta as bioindicator on heavy metals accumulation in Southern Peninsular Malaysia

Samsiah Jusoh, . and Norhayati Muhammad, . and Alia Atikah Mohd Zulaini, . and Hasliza Yusof, . and Saliza Asman, . and Nor Haslina Hashim, . and Azlan Abas, . and Laily Din, . Evaluation of transplanted lichens Parmotrema tinctorum and Usnea diffracta as bioindicator on heavy metals accumulation in Southern Peninsular Malaysia. pp. 1-13. ISSN 2672-7226

Two types of epiphytic lichens Parmotrema tinctorum and Usnea diffracta were evaluated as a bioindicator for acculumation of heavy metals in Parit Raja and BatuPahat in southern Peninsular Malaysia. The transplant technique was applied in this study by insisting lichens into a nylon bag and hung 2-3 meters above the ground at the selected study areas for three and five months. The morphological analysis of lichen transplant was discovered by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). By using theInductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) the data collection of qualitative and quantitative analysis for lichen transplants were compared. The morphological analysis of P. tinctorum after exposure to air pollution did not show any significant difference with the control while the U. diffracta indicated a significant difference over their controls. Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb) have the highest concentrations in Parit Raja and Batu Pahat respectively affected by industrial and vehicular activities. The results imply that P. tinctorum can be positively compared to U. diffracta for identifying the levels of heavy metals due to the higher capability to accumulate heavy metals without affecting the internal structure. Therefore P. tinctorum was found to be the best bioindicator of air pollution in this study.

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Abstract

Two types of epiphytic lichens Parmotrema tinctorum and Usnea diffracta were evaluated as a bioindicator for acculumation of heavy metals in Parit Raja and BatuPahat in southern Peninsular Malaysia. The transplant technique was applied in this study by insisting lichens into a nylon bag and hung 2-3 meters above the ground at the selected study areas for three and five months. The morphological analysis of lichen transplant was discovered by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). By using theInductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) the data collection of qualitative and quantitative analysis for lichen transplants were compared. The morphological analysis of P. tinctorum after exposure to air pollution did not show any significant difference with the control while the U. diffracta indicated a significant difference over their controls. Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb) have the highest concentrations in Parit Raja and Batu Pahat respectively affected by industrial and vehicular activities. The results imply that P. tinctorum can be positively compared to U. diffracta for identifying the levels of heavy metals due to the higher capability to accumulate heavy metals without affecting the internal structure. Therefore P. tinctorum was found to be the best bioindicator of air pollution in this study.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Lichens
AGROVOC Term:	Transplanting
AGROVOC Term:	Microstructure (morphology)
AGROVOC Term:	Scanning microscopy
AGROVOC Term:	Electron microscopy
AGROVOC Term:	Mass spectrometry
AGROVOC Term:	Air pollution
AGROVOC Term:	Heavy metals
AGROVOC Term:	Bioaccumulation
AGROVOC Term:	Zinc
Depositing User:	Mr. AFANDI ABDUL MALEK
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 00:54
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/8544

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