Palm kernel shell biochar production characteristics and carbon sequestration potential

Bachmann Robert Thomas, . and Loh Soh Kheang, . and Haryati Zainal, . and Cheong Kah Yein, . and Kong Sieng-Huat, . Palm kernel shell biochar production characteristics and carbon sequestration potential. pp. 508-520. ISSN 1511-2780

Properties of palm kernel shell (PKS) biochar were studied to identify its potential for soil amendment and carbon sequestration. In this study slow pyrolysis of PKS was conducted using the Biochar Experimenters Kit at final temperatures 400C “ 600C and holding times 30 “ 90 min with a heating rate of 7.3 0.6C min. Samples were characterised using CHNS/O analyser Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) leaching column for cation exchange capacity (CEC) energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. The C content increased from 46 wt. to 73 wt. after pyrolysis while hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) contents decreased due to dehydration decarboxylation and demethanation. The molar H/C and O/C ratios of PKS biochar ranged from 0.32-0.54 and 0.08-0.21 respectively suggesting high stability in soil. PKS biochar at 500C (90 min) exhibited the greatest carbon sequestration potential of 0.63 kgCO‚‚/ kgPKS. The pH was between 9.3 to 12.0 while CEC increased from 3.00 to 4.44 cmol kgonly for biochar at 400C (60 min). The BET surface area and total pore volume increased from 106 m gand 0.01 cm g (raw) to 329 m g and 0.31 cm g (biochar) at 600C (60 min) whereas water holding capacity increased from 2.23 g(H‚‚O)/10 g to 6.21 g(H‚‚O)/10 g at 500C (30 min) respectively. Plant nutrients were retained in PKS biochar (400C and 500C). PKS biochar can potentially sequester carbon and improve nutrient and water retention in acidic low-fertility soils.

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Abstract

Properties of palm kernel shell (PKS) biochar were studied to identify its potential for soil amendment and carbon sequestration. In this study slow pyrolysis of PKS was conducted using the Biochar Experimenters Kit at final temperatures 400C “ 600C and holding times 30 “ 90 min with a heating rate of 7.3 0.6C min. Samples were characterised using CHNS/O analyser Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) leaching column for cation exchange capacity (CEC) energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. The C content increased from 46 wt. to 73 wt. after pyrolysis while hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) contents decreased due to dehydration decarboxylation and demethanation. The molar H/C and O/C ratios of PKS biochar ranged from 0.32-0.54 and 0.08-0.21 respectively suggesting high stability in soil. PKS biochar at 500C (90 min) exhibited the greatest carbon sequestration potential of 0.63 kgCO‚‚/ kgPKS. The pH was between 9.3 to 12.0 while CEC increased from 3.00 to 4.44 cmol kgonly for biochar at 400C (60 min). The BET surface area and total pore volume increased from 106 m gand 0.01 cm g (raw) to 329 m g and 0.31 cm g (biochar) at 600C (60 min) whereas water holding capacity increased from 2.23 g(H‚‚O)/10 g to 6.21 g(H‚‚O)/10 g at 500C (30 min) respectively. Plant nutrients were retained in PKS biochar (400C and 500C). PKS biochar can potentially sequester carbon and improve nutrient and water retention in acidic low-fertility soils.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Palm kernels
AGROVOC Term:	Charcoal
AGROVOC Term:	Production
AGROVOC Term:	Pyrolysis
AGROVOC Term:	Cation exchange capacity
AGROVOC Term:	Carbon
AGROVOC Term:	Physicochemical properties
AGROVOC Term:	Stability
AGROVOC Term:	Surface area
AGROVOC Term:	Temperature
Depositing User:	Mr. AFANDI ABDUL MALEK
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 00:54
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/8687

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