Citation
Mulalee Sawittree, . and Sumranwong Boonanun, . and Phisalaphong Muenduen, . Continuous and circulated batch processes for esterification of free fatty acids by novozym 435 in expanded bed reactor: a case study of palm fatty acid distillate. pp. 294-302. ISSN 1511-2780
Abstract
An effective process for esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) by Novozym 435 in expanded bed reactors was developed. Oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) were used as FFA. In the circulated batch process Novozym 435 was reusable for 22 cycles with an FFA conversion greater than 90. Furthermore in the continuous process using four expanded bed reactors connected in series FFA conversions from the esterification of oleic acid and PFAD with a total residence time of 80 min were 93.5 and 88.5 with the overall productivity of about 1000 g and 940 g fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) litre- hr- respectively.
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Abstract
An effective process for esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) by Novozym 435 in expanded bed reactors was developed. Oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) were used as FFA. In the circulated batch process Novozym 435 was reusable for 22 cycles with an FFA conversion greater than 90. Furthermore in the continuous process using four expanded bed reactors connected in series FFA conversions from the esterification of oleic acid and PFAD with a total residence time of 80 min were 93.5 and 88.5 with the overall productivity of about 1000 g and 940 g fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) litre- hr- respectively.
Additional Metadata
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| AGROVOC Term: | Palm oils |
| AGROVOC Term: | Fatty acids |
| AGROVOC Term: | Oleic acid |
| AGROVOC Term: | Esterification |
| AGROVOC Term: | Enzymes |
| AGROVOC Term: | Lipases |
| AGROVOC Term: | Methanol |
| AGROVOC Term: | Biodiesel |
| AGROVOC Term: | Biofuels |
| Depositing User: | Mr. AFANDI ABDUL MALEK |
| Last Modified: | 24 Apr 2025 00:54 |
| URI: | http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/9168 |
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