Nutrient recovery from anaerobic palm oil mill effluent with thermally regenerated spent bleaching earth using response surface methodology

Foo N. S., . and Loh S. K., . and Ismail K., . and Bachmann R. T., . Nutrient recovery from anaerobic palm oil mill effluent with thermally regenerated spent bleaching earth using response surface methodology. pp. 245-257. ISSN 1511-2780

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) and thermally oxidised de-oiled spent bleaching earth (TDSBE) are reusable by-products. This study examined recovery of plant nutrients and biodegradable matter from anaerobically- treated POME using TDSBE. Response surface methodology was used for designing the jar test experiment and optimising the nutrient and colour recovery as a function of TDSBE dosage and mixing time. Phosphorus (P) and ammonia (NH3 ) were determined colorimetrically while P copper (Cu) zinc (Zn) manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Original spent de-oiled (DSBE) and TDSBE were subjected to cation exchange capacity (CEC) Fourier transform infrared -attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) (N‚‚) analysis to determine their adsorption-relevant characteristics. TDSBE (50 g litre- 120 min) could recover 3.7 NH3 80 P 7.3 Zn 30 Mn and 13.6 Fe from POME but none for colour. Dosage and mixing time had a significant effect on recovery of all five nutrients (p 0.0.5) with interaction occurring only for NH‚ and Zn. Relatively poor performance of TDSBE was due to lack of functional groups low CEC and BET surface area. However the recovery of plant nutrients from POME using industrial by-products such as original or modified DSBE is of great importance towards a circular oil palm industry and opens up new avenues for future research.

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Abstract

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) and thermally oxidised de-oiled spent bleaching earth (TDSBE) are reusable by-products. This study examined recovery of plant nutrients and biodegradable matter from anaerobically- treated POME using TDSBE. Response surface methodology was used for designing the jar test experiment and optimising the nutrient and colour recovery as a function of TDSBE dosage and mixing time. Phosphorus (P) and ammonia (NH3 ) were determined colorimetrically while P copper (Cu) zinc (Zn) manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Original spent de-oiled (DSBE) and TDSBE were subjected to cation exchange capacity (CEC) Fourier transform infrared -attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) (N‚‚) analysis to determine their adsorption-relevant characteristics. TDSBE (50 g litre- 120 min) could recover 3.7 NH3 80 P 7.3 Zn 30 Mn and 13.6 Fe from POME but none for colour. Dosage and mixing time had a significant effect on recovery of all five nutrients (p 0.0.5) with interaction occurring only for NH‚ and Zn. Relatively poor performance of TDSBE was due to lack of functional groups low CEC and BET surface area. However the recovery of plant nutrients from POME using industrial by-products such as original or modified DSBE is of great importance towards a circular oil palm industry and opens up new avenues for future research.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Palm oils
AGROVOC Term:	Mills
AGROVOC Term:	Effluents
AGROVOC Term:	Anaerobic treatment
AGROVOC Term:	Thermal treatment
AGROVOC Term:	Atomic absorption spectrometry
AGROVOC Term:	Adsorption
AGROVOC Term:	Biodegradability
AGROVOC Term:	Nutrients
AGROVOC Term:	Phosphorus
Depositing User:	Mr. AFANDI ABDUL MALEK
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 00:54
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/9172

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