Life cycle assessment of palm oil clinker as a binder and aggregate replacement in concrete

Zainah Ibrahim, . and Saznizam Sazmee Sinoh, . and Faridah Othman, . Life cycle assessment of palm oil clinker as a binder and aggregate replacement in concrete. pp. 151-170. ISSN 1511-2780

Palm oil clinker (POC) is a by-product derived from crude palm oil (CPO) production. Many studies have examined POC in concrete and it has often been stated as being environmentally sustainable. However evidence to support these claims are not abundant in the literature. Therefore this study aimed to assess the environmental impact of POC using a comparative midpoints life cycle assessment approach based on 13 impact categories from ReCiPe2016. The use of POC as a binder replacement fne aggregate and coarse aggregate was considered. Only production of cement sand gravel POC and transportation were included in the system boundary. The construction service and end-of-life phases were excluded. A volume of 1 m mortar or concrete with similar compressive strength was used as the functional unit. Life cycle inventory data was obtained from the literature Malaysia Life Cycle Inventory Database (MY-LCID) and Ecoinvent database. Economic and mass allocation factors were calculated for POC. Calculations indicated that the use of POC in mortar and concrete showed reductions in all impact categories when economically allocated. When mass allocated POC contributed minimally to all impact categories except Freshwater Eutrophication and Human Toxicity. Despite these drawbacks results show that use of POC resulted in an overall improvement for the environmental sustainability.

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Abstract

Palm oil clinker (POC) is a by-product derived from crude palm oil (CPO) production. Many studies have examined POC in concrete and it has often been stated as being environmentally sustainable. However evidence to support these claims are not abundant in the literature. Therefore this study aimed to assess the environmental impact of POC using a comparative midpoints life cycle assessment approach based on 13 impact categories from ReCiPe2016. The use of POC as a binder replacement fne aggregate and coarse aggregate was considered. Only production of cement sand gravel POC and transportation were included in the system boundary. The construction service and end-of-life phases were excluded. A volume of 1 m mortar or concrete with similar compressive strength was used as the functional unit. Life cycle inventory data was obtained from the literature Malaysia Life Cycle Inventory Database (MY-LCID) and Ecoinvent database. Economic and mass allocation factors were calculated for POC. Calculations indicated that the use of POC in mortar and concrete showed reductions in all impact categories when economically allocated. When mass allocated POC contributed minimally to all impact categories except Freshwater Eutrophication and Human Toxicity. Despite these drawbacks results show that use of POC resulted in an overall improvement for the environmental sustainability.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Palm oils
AGROVOC Term:	Life cycle analysis
AGROVOC Term:	Data collection
AGROVOC Term:	analysis
AGROVOC Term:	Agricultural industry
AGROVOC Term:	Economic conditions
AGROVOC Term:	Environmental impact
Depositing User:	Mr. AFANDI ABDUL MALEK
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 00:55
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/9794

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