Extraction and purification of phytosterols mixture From Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) using multistage extraction processes

Kamarudin Hassan, . and Noorshamsiana Abdul Wahab, . and Nahrul Hayawin Zainal, . and Nor Faizah Jalani, . and Wan Hasamudin Wan Hassan, . and Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim, . Extraction and purification of phytosterols mixture From Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) using multistage extraction processes. pp. 93-102. ISSN 1511-2780

Phytosterols are among the bioactive compounds naturally present in vegetable oils and their by-products or derivatives. A phytosterol resource (PSR) solid by-product from the extraction of vitamin E in palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) contains 2-4 (w/w) total sterols. Therefore the extraction of phytosterols from the PSR in a mini-pilot scale involving multistage extraction processes was developed to recover the valuable minor component. The multistage extraction and purification processes comprised of solid-liquid extraction (SLE) with hexane at 35C in 1 hr saponification reaction at the reflux temperature of 80C for 1 hr liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with hexane and water and crystallisation and vacuum filtration at -5C for 20 hr. On average gas chromatographic (GC) analysis showed the phytosterols recovered from the extraction and purification process had more than 80 purity. The recovery of total sterols from the PSR was 84 composed of -sitosterol (21-22) campesterol (13-20) and stigmasterol (59-64). This extraction process is technically feasible to extract and produce crude phytosterols from a PFAD by-product.

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Abstract

Phytosterols are among the bioactive compounds naturally present in vegetable oils and their by-products or derivatives. A phytosterol resource (PSR) solid by-product from the extraction of vitamin E in palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) contains 2-4 (w/w) total sterols. Therefore the extraction of phytosterols from the PSR in a mini-pilot scale involving multistage extraction processes was developed to recover the valuable minor component. The multistage extraction and purification processes comprised of solid-liquid extraction (SLE) with hexane at 35C in 1 hr saponification reaction at the reflux temperature of 80C for 1 hr liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with hexane and water and crystallisation and vacuum filtration at -5C for 20 hr. On average gas chromatographic (GC) analysis showed the phytosterols recovered from the extraction and purification process had more than 80 purity. The recovery of total sterols from the PSR was 84 composed of -sitosterol (21-22) campesterol (13-20) and stigmasterol (59-64). This extraction process is technically feasible to extract and produce crude phytosterols from a PFAD by-product.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Fatty acids
AGROVOC Term:	Palm oils
AGROVOC Term:	Phytosterols
AGROVOC Term:	Vitamin e
AGROVOC Term:	Sampling
AGROVOC Term:	analysis
AGROVOC Term:	Laboratory experimentation
AGROVOC Term:	Crystallization
AGROVOC Term:	Extraction
Depositing User:	Mr. AFANDI ABDUL MALEK
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 00:55
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/9799

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