The development, nutritional composition and acceptability of a red palm oil-based micronutrient- fortified bread spread for feeding programmes

Benade, A. J. S. and Marais, C. D. W. and Lombard, C. J. (2005) The development, nutritional composition and acceptability of a red palm oil-based micronutrient- fortified bread spread for feeding programmes. [Proceedings Paper]

South African children 7-9 years old have inadequate intakes of energy, vitamins A, C, E, B, iron, zinc, calcium, riboflavin and niacin. School feeding offers an excellent opportunity for addressing micronutrient deficiencies in these children. Peanut butter, used widely in school feeding in South Africa is a good source of energy and protein, but is not a good source of micronutrients, and also carries the risk of being contaminated with aflatoxin. It was therefore decided to develop a micronutrient fortified bread spread, and to evaluate it's acceptability in school feeding. The spread developed, was based on Red Palm Oil (RPO Carotino) and provided 442 kJ energy, 2,42mg carotenoids, 3,35mg vitamin E, 22,5mg ascorbic acid, 3,16mg iron, 3,11mg zinc and 20µg selenium, per 15g edible portion. The protein, fat and carbohydrate content was 6,5%, 17,6% and 68,5% respectively. Acceptability was evaluated in eight primary schools (about 4 000 learners). The study had a cross-over design. Schools received peanut butter for one week and the spread for one week. A random sample of 800 children from Grade 3 and 5 were requested to complete a form, indicating whether they liked the RPO spread or the peanut butter. Acceptability of the RPO spread was significantly better than that of peanut butter. Overall 64% of learners liked the RPO spread compared to 57% liking the peanut butter. In a study carried out by van Stuijvenberg et al, on primary school children, aged 6-11 years, the effect of the Carotino spread on serum retinol and haemoglobin concentrations were compared with the results obtained from children consuming peanut butter on bread. They reported a significant treatment effect for serum retinol and haemoglobin in the Carotino group compared to the peanut butter group. The Carotino-based fortified spread was well accepted by the children and proved to be effective in improving vitamin A and haemoglobin status in primary school children, and can therefore be used as a micronutrient-rich aflatoxin-free alternative for peanut butter in school feeding. Key words: micronutrient fortified bread spread, nutritional composition, safety, school children acceptability.

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Abstract

South African children 7-9 years old have inadequate intakes of energy, vitamins A, C, E, B, iron, zinc, calcium, riboflavin and niacin. School feeding offers an excellent opportunity for addressing micronutrient deficiencies in these children. Peanut butter, used widely in school feeding in South Africa is a good source of energy and protein, but is not a good source of micronutrients, and also carries the risk of being contaminated with aflatoxin. It was therefore decided to develop a micronutrient fortified bread spread, and to evaluate it's acceptability in school feeding. The spread developed, was based on Red Palm Oil (RPO Carotino) and provided 442 kJ energy, 2,42mg carotenoids, 3,35mg vitamin E, 22,5mg ascorbic acid, 3,16mg iron, 3,11mg zinc and 20µg selenium, per 15g edible portion. The protein, fat and carbohydrate content was 6,5%, 17,6% and 68,5% respectively. Acceptability was evaluated in eight primary schools (about 4 000 learners). The study had a cross-over design. Schools received peanut butter for one week and the spread for one week. A random sample of 800 children from Grade 3 and 5 were requested to complete a form, indicating whether they liked the RPO spread or the peanut butter. Acceptability of the RPO spread was significantly better than that of peanut butter. Overall 64% of learners liked the RPO spread compared to 57% liking the peanut butter. In a study carried out by van Stuijvenberg et al, on primary school children, aged 6-11 years, the effect of the Carotino spread on serum retinol and haemoglobin concentrations were compared with the results obtained from children consuming peanut butter on bread. They reported a significant treatment effect for serum retinol and haemoglobin in the Carotino group compared to the peanut butter group. The Carotino-based fortified spread was well accepted by the children and proved to be effective in improving vitamin A and haemoglobin status in primary school children, and can therefore be used as a micronutrient-rich aflatoxin-free alternative for peanut butter in school feeding. Key words: micronutrient fortified bread spread, nutritional composition, safety, school children acceptability.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	Available at Perpustakaan Sultan Abdul Samad, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. TP684 P3I61 2005 Call Number
AGROVOC Term:	palm oils
AGROVOC Term:	trace elements
AGROVOC Term:	fortified foods
AGROVOC Term:	functional foods
AGROVOC Term:	nutritive value
AGROVOC Term:	organoleptic analysis
AGROVOC Term:	children
AGROVOC Term:	nutritional status
AGROVOC Term:	malnutrition
Geographical Term:	South Africa
Depositing User:	Nor Hasnita Abdul Samat
Date Deposited:	01 Nov 2025 11:57
Last Modified:	10 Nov 2025 01:09
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1230

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