Ganoderma basal and middle stem rot and its management on first generation oil palms planted on peat

Lim Kim Huan, . and Wahidin Udin, . (2009) Ganoderma basal and middle stem rot and its management on first generation oil palms planted on peat. [Proceedings Paper]

PT.TH Indo Plantations PT. THIP planted about 70 000 ha first generation oil palms on logged-over tropical peat forest in Riau Indonesia over a period from 1997 till 2004. Ganoderma infection was first detected in 2006 in the 1997 and 1998 plantings about 8-9 year old palms. Most of the Ganoderma infection was found on leaning palms. The main species identified were Ganoderma boninense and Ganoderma zonatum in a ratio of about 1:1. Higher infection was seen in over-drained peat dome areas with water level more than 75 cm below the peat surface. In areas with optimal water table 50-75 cm from the peat surface infection level was relatively lower. Appearance of fruiting bodies basidiomata and lesion cavities are usually seen on the exposed roots or basal region of the infected palms generally referred as Basal Stem Rot or BSR. However about 20-30 of the infected palms showed fruiting bodies and lesion cavities on the middle region ofthe palm trunks termed here as Middle Stem Rot or MSR. Due to the relatively good moisture availability in peat the early foliar symptoms of drooping lower fronds and several unopened spears commonly seen on mineral soils were not generally exhibited on Ganoderma infected palms on the peat area. The initial stage of infection is therefore taken when fruiting bodies are seen on the basal or middle stem region. When the stem rot occurs on more than 50 of the circumference of the base or infected trunk the infection is considered to be in the advanced stage. Field trial showed that 4mx4mx75cm deep isolation trenches around early infected palms are effective in minimizing spread to the neighbouring healthy palms. For palms in the advanced stage of infection or fallen palms construction of sanitation pits 2mx2mxlm depth are generally used to contain the spread of the disease. The excavated infected bole and root tissues are chipped and placed beside harvesting paths to decay. Due to the high cost of constructing sanitation pit and chipping the infected bole and root tissues into smaller pieces a trial was conducted to expedite the in-situ decay of infected tissues without excavation. The treatments included the application of palm oil mill effluent and decanter solid. The by-products were able to attract more fungal and biological activities that enhance the breakdown of the Ganoderma infected tissues. Early results are promising and a combination of isolation trench and in-situ decomposition of the infected stump is being tested to replace the more expensive sanitation pit for Ganoderma management on peat.

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Abstract

PT.TH Indo Plantations PT. THIP planted about 70 000 ha first generation oil palms on logged-over tropical peat forest in Riau Indonesia over a period from 1997 till 2004. Ganoderma infection was first detected in 2006 in the 1997 and 1998 plantings about 8-9 year old palms. Most of the Ganoderma infection was found on leaning palms. The main species identified were Ganoderma boninense and Ganoderma zonatum in a ratio of about 1:1. Higher infection was seen in over-drained peat dome areas with water level more than 75 cm below the peat surface. In areas with optimal water table 50-75 cm from the peat surface infection level was relatively lower. Appearance of fruiting bodies basidiomata and lesion cavities are usually seen on the exposed roots or basal region of the infected palms generally referred as Basal Stem Rot or BSR. However about 20-30 of the infected palms showed fruiting bodies and lesion cavities on the middle region ofthe palm trunks termed here as Middle Stem Rot or MSR. Due to the relatively good moisture availability in peat the early foliar symptoms of drooping lower fronds and several unopened spears commonly seen on mineral soils were not generally exhibited on Ganoderma infected palms on the peat area. The initial stage of infection is therefore taken when fruiting bodies are seen on the basal or middle stem region. When the stem rot occurs on more than 50 of the circumference of the base or infected trunk the infection is considered to be in the advanced stage. Field trial showed that 4mx4mx75cm deep isolation trenches around early infected palms are effective in minimizing spread to the neighbouring healthy palms. For palms in the advanced stage of infection or fallen palms construction of sanitation pits 2mx2mxlm depth are generally used to contain the spread of the disease. The excavated infected bole and root tissues are chipped and placed beside harvesting paths to decay. Due to the high cost of constructing sanitation pit and chipping the infected bole and root tissues into smaller pieces a trial was conducted to expedite the in-situ decay of infected tissues without excavation. The treatments included the application of palm oil mill effluent and decanter solid. The by-products were able to attract more fungal and biological activities that enhance the breakdown of the Ganoderma infected tissues. Early results are promising and a combination of isolation trench and in-situ decomposition of the infected stump is being tested to replace the more expensive sanitation pit for Ganoderma management on peat.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	Available at Perpustakaan Sultan Abdul Samad Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia. TP 684 P3 161 2009 vol. 2 Call Number.
AGROVOC Term:	Elaeis guineensis
AGROVOC Term:	Oil palms
AGROVOC Term:	Ganoderma
AGROVOC Term:	Fungal diseases
AGROVOC Term:	Peat
AGROVOC Term:	Field trials
AGROVOC Term:	Plant diseases
AGROVOC Term:	Pathogenic fungi
AGROVOC Term:	Pathogens
AGROVOC Term:	Roots
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:15
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/12546

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