Advances in the research of Phytophthora palmivora the causal agent of bud rot of oil palm in Colombia

Varon F., . and Sarria G. A., . and Romero H. M., . and Martinez G., . and Torres G. A., . and Sanz J. I., . (2009) Advances in the research of Phytophthora palmivora the causal agent of bud rot of oil palm in Colombia. [Proceedings Paper]

Bud rot of oil palm has been the most devastating disease not only in Colombia but also in neighboring countries like Brazil Ecuador Panama and Suriname. The disease symptoms are characterized by rotting of all the new tissue with the preservation of the leaves that were formed before the infection. The internal symptoms show the destruction al the young spear leaves without damage to the meristematic area at least in early stages of the rotting process. In the region the cause of the disease was unknown for more than 40 years but as a result of the recent research of the scientists at the Colombian Oil Palm Research Centre Cenipalma it was possible to identify Phytophthora palmivora Butl. as the causal agent of the first lesions that promote the development of the rotting process which begins in the young immature tissue of spear leaves that are developing above the meristem. This pathogen was isolated in palms in early stages of development of the disease in the zone of advance of the lesion toward the meristem in the three main growing areas in which samples were taken. The development of the lesions in the tissue is very characteristic and can be used for the early diagnosis of the disease. In older palms it is easier to see the damage of the tips of the leaflets that produce a bite like appearance. In some cases there is remission of symptoms. It has been possible to recover infected palms removing the affected tissue and protecting the palms with a wide range of fungicides bactericides and insecticides. As a result of this research it has been possible to isolate the pathogen in pure cultures to observe its development to identify chlamydospores in the infected tissue in the three studied zones in Colombia in culture media and in the lesions produced in the pathogenicity tests done in vitro and in young palms in the field. The morphology of the caducous sporangia that are papillate with a short pedicel has been one of the most important characteristic that leaves no doubt that the pathogen is P. palmivora Genebank accession GQ398157. It was also possible to carry out molecular characterization of at least three of the isolates that comfirmed the identification of the microorganism. It is still not very clear if the differences between the lethal and the non lethal forms of the disease are related with different environmental growing conditions of the oil palm or with a pathogenic characteristic of the microorganism or if further development of the disease is related with the different opportunistic microorganisms that colonize the affected tissue or is due to the damage done by some insect that feed and reproduce in the bud area of oil palm ad per example Rhynchophorus palmarum.

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Abstract

Bud rot of oil palm has been the most devastating disease not only in Colombia but also in neighboring countries like Brazil Ecuador Panama and Suriname. The disease symptoms are characterized by rotting of all the new tissue with the preservation of the leaves that were formed before the infection. The internal symptoms show the destruction al the young spear leaves without damage to the meristematic area at least in early stages of the rotting process. In the region the cause of the disease was unknown for more than 40 years but as a result of the recent research of the scientists at the Colombian Oil Palm Research Centre Cenipalma it was possible to identify Phytophthora palmivora Butl. as the causal agent of the first lesions that promote the development of the rotting process which begins in the young immature tissue of spear leaves that are developing above the meristem. This pathogen was isolated in palms in early stages of development of the disease in the zone of advance of the lesion toward the meristem in the three main growing areas in which samples were taken. The development of the lesions in the tissue is very characteristic and can be used for the early diagnosis of the disease. In older palms it is easier to see the damage of the tips of the leaflets that produce a bite like appearance. In some cases there is remission of symptoms. It has been possible to recover infected palms removing the affected tissue and protecting the palms with a wide range of fungicides bactericides and insecticides. As a result of this research it has been possible to isolate the pathogen in pure cultures to observe its development to identify chlamydospores in the infected tissue in the three studied zones in Colombia in culture media and in the lesions produced in the pathogenicity tests done in vitro and in young palms in the field. The morphology of the caducous sporangia that are papillate with a short pedicel has been one of the most important characteristic that leaves no doubt that the pathogen is P. palmivora Genebank accession GQ398157. It was also possible to carry out molecular characterization of at least three of the isolates that comfirmed the identification of the microorganism. It is still not very clear if the differences between the lethal and the non lethal forms of the disease are related with different environmental growing conditions of the oil palm or with a pathogenic characteristic of the microorganism or if further development of the disease is related with the different opportunistic microorganisms that colonize the affected tissue or is due to the damage done by some insect that feed and reproduce in the bud area of oil palm ad per example Rhynchophorus palmarum.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	Available at Perpustakaan Sultan Abdul Samad Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia. TP 684 P3 161 2009 vol. 2 Call Number.
AGROVOC Term:	Phytophthora palmivora
AGROVOC Term:	Oil palms
AGROVOC Term:	Plant diseases
AGROVOC Term:	Disease symptoms
AGROVOC Term:	Microorganisms
AGROVOC Term:	Infection
AGROVOC Term:	Inoculation
AGROVOC Term:	Hybrids
AGROVOC Term:	Culture media
AGROVOC Term:	Sampling
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:15
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/12567

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