Evaluation of phenolic content and antibacterial activity of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) shell and coir powder in different extraction solvents

Mohd Effendi Mohamed Nor and Norma Hussin and Mirfat Ahmad Hasan Salahuddin and Asraf Hadi Abu Samah and Muhammad Faidhi Towhid and Muhammad Faris Mohd Radzi. (2023) Evaluation of phenolic content and antibacterial activity of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) shell and coir powder in different extraction solvents. Journal of Tropical Plant Physiology (JTPP) (Malaysia), 15 (1). pp. 37-45. ISSN 1985-0484

The issue of microbial resistance to synthetic antibiotics is receiving more serious attention. There are many studies on the search for new sources of antibiotics or antimicrobials from natural sources. Coconut is one of the most important crops in tropical countries with various uses. Every part of the tree and coconut fruit is very useful with different purposes such as being processed into drinks, food, fibre, building materials, chemicals and medical agents. Studies have showed that coconut shell and coir have phenolic content that gives antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, studies like this for Malaysian coconut are very limited. This research activity was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of coconut shell and coir. Coconut shells and coirs randomly obtained from MARDI Station Bagan Datuk, were dried and ground into powder, and extracted using different solvents namely ethanol, methanol and acetone. The antibacterial activity of shell and coir extracts was determined using disc diffusion method against five pathogenic strains which were Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544, Enterobacter aerugenes ATCC 13048, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. The analysis results obtained showed that coconut shell and coir extracts have potential antibacterial activity against all pathogenic strains tested with a wide range of inhibition zone sizes starting from 7.75 to11.25 mm for the shell extract and 9.25 to 17.00 mm for the coir extract. The usage of different solvents inextraction affected the phenolic content and antibacterial activity of coir and shell extracts. The coir showed higher (p<0.05) total phenolic content in all solvents compared to the shell. The highest antibacterial activity was observed in the ethanolic coir extract against S. aureus, while the lowest activity was against C.sakazakii in the ethanolic shell extract. Methanolic and acetone extracts for both shell and coir exhibited lower minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations compared to ethanolic extract. With the results of this study, it is hoped that coconut coir and shell can be studied further and processed into promising antimicrobial agents.

Full text available from: Official URL: https://www.jtpp.org.my/volume/15_1/vol15_1_articl...

Abstract

The issue of microbial resistance to synthetic antibiotics is receiving more serious attention. There are many studies on the search for new sources of antibiotics or antimicrobials from natural sources. Coconut is one of the most important crops in tropical countries with various uses. Every part of the tree and coconut fruit is very useful with different purposes such as being processed into drinks, food, fibre, building materials, chemicals and medical agents. Studies have showed that coconut shell and coir have phenolic content that gives antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, studies like this for Malaysian coconut are very limited. This research activity was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of coconut shell and coir. Coconut shells and coirs randomly obtained from MARDI Station Bagan Datuk, were dried and ground into powder, and extracted using different solvents namely ethanol, methanol and acetone. The antibacterial activity of shell and coir extracts was determined using disc diffusion method against five pathogenic strains which were Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544, Enterobacter aerugenes ATCC 13048, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. The analysis results obtained showed that coconut shell and coir extracts have potential antibacterial activity against all pathogenic strains tested with a wide range of inhibition zone sizes starting from 7.75 to11.25 mm for the shell extract and 9.25 to 17.00 mm for the coir extract. The usage of different solvents inextraction affected the phenolic content and antibacterial activity of coir and shell extracts. The coir showed higher (p<0.05) total phenolic content in all solvents compared to the shell. The highest antibacterial activity was observed in the ethanolic coir extract against S. aureus, while the lowest activity was against C.sakazakii in the ethanolic shell extract. Methanolic and acetone extracts for both shell and coir exhibited lower minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations compared to ethanolic extract. With the results of this study, it is hoped that coconut coir and shell can be studied further and processed into promising antimicrobial agents.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Cocos nucifera
AGROVOC Term:	phenolic content
AGROVOC Term:	antibacterial plants
AGROVOC Term:	antimicrobial properties
AGROVOC Term:	solvents
AGROVOC Term:	coir
AGROVOC Term:	sampling
AGROVOC Term:	statistical methods
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Antibacterial, coconut, phenolic, solvent
Depositing User:	Ms. Azariah Hashim
Date Deposited:	28 Sep 2024 07:22
Last Modified:	28 Sep 2024 07:22
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1269

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