Citation
Susanto Agus, . (2013) Biological control of Ganoderma basal stem rot disease of oil palm in Indonesia: Application and challenges. [Proceedings Paper]
Abstract
The real threat of declining productivity of oil palm is the presence of basal stem rot disease caused by Ganoderma boninense. Nowadays it has become a destructive disease especially in the second or more oil palm cultivation generation. High disease incidence of Ganoderma in oil palm plantation has forced early replanting program to be conducted. Recently Ganoderma disease has not been controlled optimally. The best approach to manage this disease is by early control in every step of oil palm cultivation starting from replanting until mature oil palm which include good cultural practices and biological control. This technique has a prospect to control basal stem rot disease due to Ganoderma characteristic which is soil borne pathogen. Generally soil borne pathogens are very difficult to be controlled. Biological control is a promising technique to control Ganoderma disease. Many reports showed that biological control had been successful to control horticulture soil borne pathogens. Biological control of basal stem rot in Indonesia started from 1990s by exploration of superior biological control agent from oil palm rhizosphere. During this period the significant finding was the collection of superior biological agent. Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. which were common fungus used to control Ganoderma. The next step was efficacy test in green house or nursery. In 2000s the production of biological agent in large scale and its application in the field was initiated. Every year about 10.000 ha of plantation were treated by Trichoderma. sp. Parallel to this program another biological control agent that was bacteria group was developed but the result was not significant. Generally the result of their efficacy in large scale field trial was not consistent. Therefore now researchers have been developing other biological agent i.e. vesicular arbuscula mycorrhizae VAM that are Glomus sp. and Acaulospora sp. Sometimes the mycorrhizae product was mixed with Trichoderma. The mixed product has been tested in the nursery and showed it could control basal stem rot of oil palm in the nursery. The recent progress is the production of this mixed biological agent semi-commercially in a large scale. The production of the mixed biological agent was about 3. 000 tonnes product per year. The best control of Ganoderma disease is not just by the application of biological control. It should be used together in combination with other techniques including good cultural practices.
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Abstract
The real threat of declining productivity of oil palm is the presence of basal stem rot disease caused by Ganoderma boninense. Nowadays it has become a destructive disease especially in the second or more oil palm cultivation generation. High disease incidence of Ganoderma in oil palm plantation has forced early replanting program to be conducted. Recently Ganoderma disease has not been controlled optimally. The best approach to manage this disease is by early control in every step of oil palm cultivation starting from replanting until mature oil palm which include good cultural practices and biological control. This technique has a prospect to control basal stem rot disease due to Ganoderma characteristic which is soil borne pathogen. Generally soil borne pathogens are very difficult to be controlled. Biological control is a promising technique to control Ganoderma disease. Many reports showed that biological control had been successful to control horticulture soil borne pathogens. Biological control of basal stem rot in Indonesia started from 1990s by exploration of superior biological control agent from oil palm rhizosphere. During this period the significant finding was the collection of superior biological agent. Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. which were common fungus used to control Ganoderma. The next step was efficacy test in green house or nursery. In 2000s the production of biological agent in large scale and its application in the field was initiated. Every year about 10.000 ha of plantation were treated by Trichoderma. sp. Parallel to this program another biological control agent that was bacteria group was developed but the result was not significant. Generally the result of their efficacy in large scale field trial was not consistent. Therefore now researchers have been developing other biological agent i.e. vesicular arbuscula mycorrhizae VAM that are Glomus sp. and Acaulospora sp. Sometimes the mycorrhizae product was mixed with Trichoderma. The mixed product has been tested in the nursery and showed it could control basal stem rot of oil palm in the nursery. The recent progress is the production of this mixed biological agent semi-commercially in a large scale. The production of the mixed biological agent was about 3. 000 tonnes product per year. The best control of Ganoderma disease is not just by the application of biological control. It should be used together in combination with other techniques including good cultural practices.
Additional Metadata
| Item Type: | Proceedings Paper |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Available at Perpustakaan Sultan Abdul Samad Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia. SB608 O27M939 2013 Call Number. |
| AGROVOC Term: | Oil palm |
| AGROVOC Term: | Plant diseases |
| AGROVOC Term: | Plant disease control |
| AGROVOC Term: | Ganoderma |
| AGROVOC Term: | Rots |
| AGROVOC Term: | Fungus control diseases |
| AGROVOC Term: | Biological control |
| AGROVOC Term: | Biological control agents |
| AGROVOC Term: | Gliocladium |
| AGROVOC Term: | Trichoderma |
| Geographical Term: | MALAYSIA |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim |
| Last Modified: | 24 Apr 2025 05:15 |
| URI: | http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/13210 |
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