Implementation of integrated pest management in plantation crops

Wood B . J ., . (1985) Implementation of integrated pest management in plantation crops. [Proceedings Paper]

The agroecosystem of tropical perennial crops is well suited for integrated pest management IPM. The alternatives of no action at all or an ad hoc approach to each problem particularly insecticidal without consideration of environmental interactions can be disastrous. The most significant characteristic is the absence in the protected canopy of marked seasonality from either weather or crop cycles. Thus conditions are continually favourable to the build up of numerous phytophagous insects but they also favour environmental suppression in particular by natural enemies. Sporadic increases of pest species must be dealt with on the basis of restoring this balance. Similarly in treating key pests those few without environmental suppression below economic damage levels it is essential to avoid disrupting the balance. Implementation requires background knowledge of the interactions in the agroecosystems - the greater the depth the better - but geneal awareness of principles is the important starting point. Methods include enhancing environmental suppression; preventing completion of the life cycle by removing a resources or imposing a barrier; chemical interventions of natural enemy control by environmental improvement inundation or establishment of exotics. Timing of intervention can be crucial and the appropriate alert illustrated by several examples. In favour of IPM are avoidance of getting on the treadmill of recurrent chemical application thereby controlling the pest but creating conditions for reoutbreak with attendant risk of contamination of products toxicity to workers and eventually pesticide resistance. In essence it implies a minimum cost for a satisfactorily clean crop. Constraints include reluctance to spend money on surveillance when no outbreaks appear imminent fragmented ownership within blocks of a crop making concerted action difficult high powered chemical salesmanship and lack of information.

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Abstract

The agroecosystem of tropical perennial crops is well suited for integrated pest management IPM. The alternatives of no action at all or an ad hoc approach to each problem particularly insecticidal without consideration of environmental interactions can be disastrous. The most significant characteristic is the absence in the protected canopy of marked seasonality from either weather or crop cycles. Thus conditions are continually favourable to the build up of numerous phytophagous insects but they also favour environmental suppression in particular by natural enemies. Sporadic increases of pest species must be dealt with on the basis of restoring this balance. Similarly in treating key pests those few without environmental suppression below economic damage levels it is essential to avoid disrupting the balance. Implementation requires background knowledge of the interactions in the agroecosystems - the greater the depth the better - but geneal awareness of principles is the important starting point. Methods include enhancing environmental suppression; preventing completion of the life cycle by removing a resources or imposing a barrier; chemical interventions of natural enemy control by environmental improvement inundation or establishment of exotics. Timing of intervention can be crucial and the appropriate alert illustrated by several examples. In favour of IPM are avoidance of getting on the treadmill of recurrent chemical application thereby controlling the pest but creating conditions for reoutbreak with attendant risk of contamination of products toxicity to workers and eventually pesticide resistance. In essence it implies a minimum cost for a satisfactorily clean crop. Constraints include reluctance to spend money on surveillance when no outbreaks appear imminent fragmented ownership within blocks of a crop making concerted action difficult high powered chemical salesmanship and lack of information.

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	58 ref. Summary En
AGROVOC Term:	CONTROL DE PLAGAS
AGROVOC Term:	PLANTACIONES
AGROVOC Term:	MALASIA/ CONDICIONES AMBIENTALES
AGROVOC Term:	RESISTENCIA A LOS PLAGUICIDAS
AGROVOC Term:	TOXICIDAD
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Norfaezah Khomsan
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:25
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14180

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