Insecticide resistance in tropical and subtropical areas : experience in two decades

Volker Ditrich, . and Ernst G.H., . and Ruesch Othmar, . and Solang U.K., . (1990) Insecticide resistance in tropical and subtropical areas : experience in two decades. [Proceedings Paper]

Insect control by chemicals is an essential part of intensive agriculture be it traditional or ruled by IPM. Insecticide resistance R usually follows intensive insect control and the resulting selection pressure. It is a hazard to and may even make impossible the culture affected by highly resistant insect pests. A basic requirement to counteract R is to recognize and quantify its extent. Monitoring R levels and analysing R mechanisms therefore are indispensible tools for Insecticide Resistance Management RIM. First experience in monitoring on a country wide scale was gained in Egyptian cotton in the 1960's. Resistance and cross-R patterns in mites were defined and control measure taken by the Ministry of Agriculture according to the insight gathered. Resistance levels in Spodoptera littoralis were checked from 1978 onwards. They remained reasonable stable over the years in consequence of the spray regime applied in Egypt. In the Sudan R in whiteflies was analysed from 1981. Selection by dimethoate and acceleration by DDT were the probable causes of the flare-up of this pest. In Turkey and Central America also high R levels were diagnosed in whiteflies. Supporting work on the biochemical basis of R in Bemisia tabaci revealed a variety of possibilities by which it attains similarly high R levels in the fields of Sudan Turkey Guatemala and Nicaragua. In the primary pests of these areas in bollworms and leafworms high R to OPs and pyrethroids also occur. However differences in R patterns exist between populations of the same species according to their origin. Food crops such as rice and cabbage have their own problems of R due to strong reliance on chemical control. The brown planthopper developed R towards carbamates in South East Asia and Plutella sylostella even to the latest benzoylureas. IRM by rotation of insecticides and establishment of potentiating mixtures are being tested presently. They are today's tools to counteract resistance

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Abstract

Insect control by chemicals is an essential part of intensive agriculture be it traditional or ruled by IPM. Insecticide resistance R usually follows intensive insect control and the resulting selection pressure. It is a hazard to and may even make impossible the culture affected by highly resistant insect pests. A basic requirement to counteract R is to recognize and quantify its extent. Monitoring R levels and analysing R mechanisms therefore are indispensible tools for Insecticide Resistance Management RIM. First experience in monitoring on a country wide scale was gained in Egyptian cotton in the 1960's. Resistance and cross-R patterns in mites were defined and control measure taken by the Ministry of Agriculture according to the insight gathered. Resistance levels in Spodoptera littoralis were checked from 1978 onwards. They remained reasonable stable over the years in consequence of the spray regime applied in Egypt. In the Sudan R in whiteflies was analysed from 1981. Selection by dimethoate and acceleration by DDT were the probable causes of the flare-up of this pest. In Turkey and Central America also high R levels were diagnosed in whiteflies. Supporting work on the biochemical basis of R in Bemisia tabaci revealed a variety of possibilities by which it attains similarly high R levels in the fields of Sudan Turkey Guatemala and Nicaragua. In the primary pests of these areas in bollworms and leafworms high R to OPs and pyrethroids also occur. However differences in R patterns exist between populations of the same species according to their origin. Food crops such as rice and cabbage have their own problems of R due to strong reliance on chemical control. The brown planthopper developed R towards carbamates in South East Asia and Plutella sylostella even to the latest benzoylureas. IRM by rotation of insecticides and establishment of potentiating mixtures are being tested presently. They are today's tools to counteract resistance

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Item Type:	Proceedings Paper
Additional Information:	Summary En
AGROVOC Term:	RESISTENCIA QUIMICA
AGROVOC Term:	CONTROL DE PLAGAS
AGROVOC Term:	ZONA TROPICAL/ INSECTICIDAS
AGROVOC Term:	PROTECCION DE LAS PLANTAS
AGROVOC Term:	EGIPTO
AGROVOC Term:	ASIA SUDORIENTAL
Geographical Term:	MALAYSIA
Depositing User:	Ms. Norfaezah Khomsan
Last Modified:	24 Apr 2025 05:26
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15196

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