Propolis extract with high antioxidant capabilities: Optimisation of sonicationassisted extraction parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Nur Diyana A., . and Koh, S. P. and Mazlan M. T., . and Chin, N. L. (2023) Propolis extract with high antioxidant capabilities: Optimisation of sonicationassisted extraction parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science (Malaysia), 51 (2). pp. 75-80. ISSN 1394-9829

Propolis is a complex compound consisting of flavonoids, phenolics, terpenes, aromatic compounds, volatile oils and resin which contribute to different pharmacological properties. This study aims to optimise sonication-assisted extraction parameters in the production of bioactive metabolites with high antioxidant properties from propolis of stingless bees (Heterotrigona itama) using response surface methodology (RSM) comprising of three independent variables (amplitude 30 – 70%, cycle 0.3 – 0.7 unit and time, 20 – 40 min) with five levels. Antioxidant activities were analysed using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and total phenolic content (TPC). Comparison between the predicted and experimental value from central composite rotatable design (CCRD) optimisation procedures showed the best fitting model was a reduced cubic modified model with a good correlation with R square of 94.2%, 97% and 93.3% for DPPH, FRAP and TPC responses, respectively. The optimum sonication parameters for the production of propolis extract with the highest antioxidant activities (based on a combination of DPPH, FRAP and TPC responses) were determined with the amplitude of 52.95%, cycle of 0.52 unit and time of 31.86 min.

Full text available from: Official URL: http://jtafs.mardi.gov.my/jtafs/51-2/JTAFS_Koh%20S...

Abstract

Propolis is a complex compound consisting of flavonoids, phenolics, terpenes, aromatic compounds, volatile oils and resin which contribute to different pharmacological properties. This study aims to optimise sonication-assisted extraction parameters in the production of bioactive metabolites with high antioxidant properties from propolis of stingless bees (Heterotrigona itama) using response surface methodology (RSM) comprising of three independent variables (amplitude 30 – 70%, cycle 0.3 – 0.7 unit and time, 20 – 40 min) with five levels. Antioxidant activities were analysed using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and total phenolic content (TPC). Comparison between the predicted and experimental value from central composite rotatable design (CCRD) optimisation procedures showed the best fitting model was a reduced cubic modified model with a good correlation with R square of 94.2%, 97% and 93.3% for DPPH, FRAP and TPC responses, respectively. The optimum sonication parameters for the production of propolis extract with the highest antioxidant activities (based on a combination of DPPH, FRAP and TPC responses) were determined with the amplitude of 52.95%, cycle of 0.52 unit and time of 31.86 min.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	propolis
AGROVOC Term:	antioxidants
AGROVOC Term:	functional foods
AGROVOC Term:	honey bees
AGROVOC Term:	solvents
AGROVOC Term:	ingredients
AGROVOC Term:	extraction
AGROVOC Term:	bioactive compounds
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Depositing User:	Ms. Azariah Hashim
Date Deposited:	15 Nov 2025 15:39
Last Modified:	03 Feb 2026 03:26
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/1600

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