Citation
M. Y. Zulkifliy, . and Shahidah Nusailah Rashid, . and Mohd Ali Hashim, . and Adeeb Hayyan, . and Maan Hayyan, . and Nurul Aifaa Osman, . Synthesis of novel eutectic catalyst for the esterification of crude palm oil mixed with sludge palm oil. pp. 373-379. ISSN 1511-2780
Abstract
In this study a new eutectic solvent (ES) was synthesised for the first time via mixing (1R)-(-)-camphor-10-sulphonic acid (10-CSA) with choline chloride (ChCl). Camphor-10-sulphonic acid choline chloride eutectic solvent (CSA-ChCl-ES) was used as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of an oil mixture consisting of acidic crude palm oil and sludge palm oil in order to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content to less than 2. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: 2.5 wt of catalyst dosage 10:1 molar ratio 60C of reaction temperature and 40 min of reaction time. This study revealed that the novel eutectic solvent possessed high catalytic activity and recyclability hence highlighting its high potential for biodiesel production.
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Abstract
In this study a new eutectic solvent (ES) was synthesised for the first time via mixing (1R)-(-)-camphor-10-sulphonic acid (10-CSA) with choline chloride (ChCl). Camphor-10-sulphonic acid choline chloride eutectic solvent (CSA-ChCl-ES) was used as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of an oil mixture consisting of acidic crude palm oil and sludge palm oil in order to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content to less than 2. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: 2.5 wt of catalyst dosage 10:1 molar ratio 60C of reaction temperature and 40 min of reaction time. This study revealed that the novel eutectic solvent possessed high catalytic activity and recyclability hence highlighting its high potential for biodiesel production.
Additional Metadata
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| AGROVOC Term: | Crude oil |
| AGROVOC Term: | Palm oils |
| AGROVOC Term: | Bioenergy |
| AGROVOC Term: | Catalysts |
| AGROVOC Term: | Esterification |
| AGROVOC Term: | Centrifugation |
| AGROVOC Term: | Mixing |
| AGROVOC Term: | Raw materials |
| AGROVOC Term: | Methanol |
| AGROVOC Term: | Sulphonic acids |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Suzila Mohamad Kasim |
| Last Modified: | 24 Apr 2025 06:28 |
| URI: | http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/24146 |
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