Detection and quantification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in vegetables and environmental samples at farm level

Tunung R., . and Jeyaletchumi, P. and Margaret S.P., . and Ubong A., . and Elexson N., . and Ghazali F.M., . and Noranizan M.A., . and Chandrika, M. and Nakaguchi, Y. and Son, R. (2022) Detection and quantification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in vegetables and environmental samples at farm level. Food Research (Malaysia), 6. pp. 310-318. ISSN 2550-2166

The purpose of this study was to detect and quantify total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from vegetables and environmental samples at the farm level in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. Most Probable Number (MPN) – Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used to detect toxR, tdh and trh genes and to quantify their concentration in samples. Samples obtained were cabbage (20), carrot (10), cucumber (10), lettuce (31), tomato (18), manure (10), soil (12), surface swab (21) and water (14), with a total of 146 samples. Sampling locations involved were three vegetable farms, two packing houses and one loading bay. Based on the results, overall, 13.7% of samples were present with V. parahaemolyticus toxR (maximum concentration 1100 MPN/g), with the highest detection in cabbage (6%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus tdh was detected in 1.4% samples (maximum concentration 7.3 MPN/g), and V. parahaemolyticus trh could not be detected in any samples. No tdh and trh genes could be detected from the recovered isolates. This finding highlighted that vegetables and environmental samples could potentially be contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus which poses risk to consumers. This study could be useful in future food safety risk communication and management programmes.

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to detect and quantify total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from vegetables and environmental samples at the farm level in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. Most Probable Number (MPN) – Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used to detect toxR, tdh and trh genes and to quantify their concentration in samples. Samples obtained were cabbage (20), carrot (10), cucumber (10), lettuce (31), tomato (18), manure (10), soil (12), surface swab (21) and water (14), with a total of 146 samples. Sampling locations involved were three vegetable farms, two packing houses and one loading bay. Based on the results, overall, 13.7% of samples were present with V. parahaemolyticus toxR (maximum concentration 1100 MPN/g), with the highest detection in cabbage (6%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus tdh was detected in 1.4% samples (maximum concentration 7.3 MPN/g), and V. parahaemolyticus trh could not be detected in any samples. No tdh and trh genes could be detected from the recovered isolates. This finding highlighted that vegetables and environmental samples could potentially be contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus which poses risk to consumers. This study could be useful in future food safety risk communication and management programmes.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	vegetables
AGROVOC Term:	soil
AGROVOC Term:	water
AGROVOC Term:	manure surplus
AGROVOC Term:	detection
AGROVOC Term:	sampling
AGROVOC Term:	Vibrio parahaemolyticus
AGROVOC Term:	polymerase chain reaction
AGROVOC Term:	contamination
AGROVOC Term:	risk assessment
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Depositing User:	Mr. Khoirul Asrimi Md Nor
Date Deposited:	09 Feb 2026 03:38
Last Modified:	09 Feb 2026 03:38
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/3367

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