Enhancing leafy vegetable growth and yield with goat urine, moringa leaf, and banana stem-based liquid organic fertiliser

Ana Sakura Zainal Abidin, . and Mohamad Syafiq Iylia Jamadi, . and Sinin Hamdan, . and Mohammad Omar Abdullah, . and Gloria Elaine John, . and Annisa Jamali, . and Rasli Muslimen, . and Zehnder Jarroop Augustine Mercer, . (2024) Enhancing leafy vegetable growth and yield with goat urine, moringa leaf, and banana stem-based liquid organic fertiliser. Pertanika Journal Tropical Agricultural Science (Malaysia), 47 (3). 1021 -1036. ISSN 1511-3701

Pak choy and mustard greens are traditionally grown with many inorganic fertilisers, which can reduce soil fertility when applied frequently. The adoption of organic fertilisers offers a sustainable solution to this challenge. This study investigates the impact of liquid organic fertiliser (LOF) derived from goat urine, Moringa leaves, and banana stems on the growth and yield of pak choy and mustard greens. The research design employed a randomised complete block design with four treatments and ten replications. These treatments included a control group, 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK, inorganic fertiliser), 100% LOF, and a 50% NPK + 50% LOF blend. The application of LOF, sourced from goat urine, Moringa leaves, and banana stems, demonstrated a significant influence on nearly all plant parameters. Notably, the 100% LOF treatment yielded the highest results for fresh leaf weight (26.46 g), fresh stalk weight (39.64 g), dry leaf weight (4.57 g), stem diameter (48.27 mm), Soil Plant Analysis Development value (SPAD, 40.73 units), plant height (31.59 cm), leaf width (8.45 cm), and leaf length (13.33 cm) for pak choy. Additionally, 100% LOF also produced the highest results for fresh leaf weight (21.34 g), dry root weight (0.31 g), stem diameter (21.53 mm), SPAD value (32.40 units), plant height (31.59 cm), leaf width (10.40 cm), and leaf length (15.65 cm) for mustard greens. This study demonstrates that a blend of goat urine, Moringa leaves, and banana stems can be used as a LOF that can replace inorganic NPK fertilisers in growing pak choy and mustard. It not only addresses issues with soil fertility but also contributes to environmentally friendly farming practices.

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Abstract

Pak choy and mustard greens are traditionally grown with many inorganic fertilisers, which can reduce soil fertility when applied frequently. The adoption of organic fertilisers offers a sustainable solution to this challenge. This study investigates the impact of liquid organic fertiliser (LOF) derived from goat urine, Moringa leaves, and banana stems on the growth and yield of pak choy and mustard greens. The research design employed a randomised complete block design with four treatments and ten replications. These treatments included a control group, 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK, inorganic fertiliser), 100% LOF, and a 50% NPK + 50% LOF blend. The application of LOF, sourced from goat urine, Moringa leaves, and banana stems, demonstrated a significant influence on nearly all plant parameters. Notably, the 100% LOF treatment yielded the highest results for fresh leaf weight (26.46 g), fresh stalk weight (39.64 g), dry leaf weight (4.57 g), stem diameter (48.27 mm), Soil Plant Analysis Development value (SPAD, 40.73 units), plant height (31.59 cm), leaf width (8.45 cm), and leaf length (13.33 cm) for pak choy. Additionally, 100% LOF also produced the highest results for fresh leaf weight (21.34 g), dry root weight (0.31 g), stem diameter (21.53 mm), SPAD value (32.40 units), plant height (31.59 cm), leaf width (10.40 cm), and leaf length (15.65 cm) for mustard greens. This study demonstrates that a blend of goat urine, Moringa leaves, and banana stems can be used as a LOF that can replace inorganic NPK fertilisers in growing pak choy and mustard. It not only addresses issues with soil fertility but also contributes to environmentally friendly farming practices.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	Moringa
AGROVOC Term:	fertilization
AGROVOC Term:	crop production
AGROVOC Term:	inorganic fertilizers
AGROVOC Term:	NPK fertilizers
AGROVOC Term:	plant growth
AGROVOC Term:	yield increases
AGROVOC Term:	soil fertility
AGROVOC Term:	sustainable agriculture
AGROVOC Term:	plant nutrition
Geographical Term:	Indonesia
Depositing User:	Ms. Azariah Hashim
Date Deposited:	19 Dec 2024 04:41
Last Modified:	26 Feb 2026 07:14
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/3400

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