Mangrove flora assessment of Batu Maung Mangrove Forest, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang

H., Tariq Mubarak and Hyrul Izwan MH., . and Mohd Rizuwan M., . and Nur Ainaa Nabilah MB., . and Syaierah A., . (2022) Mangrove flora assessment of Batu Maung Mangrove Forest, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation (Malaysia), 12. pp. 71-75. ISSN 2462-1757

Mangrove forests play an important role as one of the natural ecosystems and habitat for various species of flora and fauna. In Malaysia, most of the mangrove forests are found in Sabah, Sarawak, Perak, Johor, Kedah and Selangor. Meanwhile, Penang’s mangrove area are approximately 1,967 hectares. From that amount, about 1,045 hectares are gazetted as permanent forest reserve (PFR), managed under the National Forestry Act 1984 (amended 1992). Batu Maung Mangrove Forest are stateland forest which has a unique and high ecological value with an area of 17.3 ha. This area is distinctive as it is believed to be the only mangrove forest in the middle of the urban area surrounded by development. Survey results from the 5 ha plot in Batu Maung Mangrove Forest found that this area is rich in mangrove biodiversity. Based on the mangrove stand survey, there are 20 species of trees found in the area, comprising of true and associate mangrove as well as non-mangrove trees. Out of the 20 species, 18 species are mangrove species while 2 species are non-mangrove. The dominant species in this area is Bruguiera cylindrica (Berus), which is 37%, and Rhizophora apiculata (Bakau Minyak) with 30% of the total standing trees surveyed. The largest diameter at breast height (DBH) recorded in this area is 70.4 cm (Rhizophora apiculata). Bruguiera hainesii (Berus Mata Buaya), a critically endangered species listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species can be found in the area. The average tree density in the Batu Maung Mangrove Forest area are 706.94 trees per hectare.

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Abstract

Mangrove forests play an important role as one of the natural ecosystems and habitat for various species of flora and fauna. In Malaysia, most of the mangrove forests are found in Sabah, Sarawak, Perak, Johor, Kedah and Selangor. Meanwhile, Penang’s mangrove area are approximately 1,967 hectares. From that amount, about 1,045 hectares are gazetted as permanent forest reserve (PFR), managed under the National Forestry Act 1984 (amended 1992). Batu Maung Mangrove Forest are stateland forest which has a unique and high ecological value with an area of 17.3 ha. This area is distinctive as it is believed to be the only mangrove forest in the middle of the urban area surrounded by development. Survey results from the 5 ha plot in Batu Maung Mangrove Forest found that this area is rich in mangrove biodiversity. Based on the mangrove stand survey, there are 20 species of trees found in the area, comprising of true and associate mangrove as well as non-mangrove trees. Out of the 20 species, 18 species are mangrove species while 2 species are non-mangrove. The dominant species in this area is Bruguiera cylindrica (Berus), which is 37%, and Rhizophora apiculata (Bakau Minyak) with 30% of the total standing trees surveyed. The largest diameter at breast height (DBH) recorded in this area is 70.4 cm (Rhizophora apiculata). Bruguiera hainesii (Berus Mata Buaya), a critically endangered species listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species can be found in the area. The average tree density in the Batu Maung Mangrove Forest area are 706.94 trees per hectare.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	mangroves
AGROVOC Term:	ecosystems
AGROVOC Term:	habitats
AGROVOC Term:	assessment
AGROVOC Term:	surveys
AGROVOC Term:	biodiversity
AGROVOC Term:	endangered species
Geographical Term:	Malaysia
Depositing User:	Mr. Khoirul Asrimi Md Nor
Date Deposited:	20 May 2026 06:21
Last Modified:	20 May 2026 06:21
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/3904

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