Relationship between macro- and micronutrient intakes with undernutrition among toddlers aged 12-23 months in Aceh, Indonesia

Suryana, . and Sri Anna Marliyati, . and Ali Khomsan, . and Cesilia Meti Dwirian, . (2024) Relationship between macro- and micronutrient intakes with undernutrition among toddlers aged 12-23 months in Aceh, Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition (Malaysia), 30 (2). pp. 217-229. ISSN 1394 – 035X

Introduction: Foods consumed contain macro- and micronutrients necessary for the growth and development of children. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between macronutrient and micronutrient intakes with undernutrition in toddlers aged 12-23 months. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 18 Integrated Healthcare Centres (Posyandu) in Simpang Tiga, Aceh Besar Regency. A total of 138 toddlers were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data collected included family demographics, characteristics, nutritional status of children, and food consumption for macro- and micronutrient intake analyses. Results: Prevalence of malnutrition in toddlers was relatively high – severe underweight and underweight totaled 23.2%, severe wasting and wasting 18.1%, and severe stunting and stunting 27.5%. Significant associations (p<0.05) were found between underweight and intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, thiamin, and niacin. Wasting was significantly associated (p<0.05) with intakes of energy, protein, and vitamin A. Stunting was significantly associated (p<0.05) with intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. Conclusion: Certain macro- and micronutrient intakes were correlated with undernutrition in toddlers. The results of this study can be used as a reference for planning the development of supplementary feeding programmes for children aged 12-23 months, considering that the critical period of child growth and development is in the first 1000 days of life.

Full text available from: Official URL: https://maljnutr.org.my/publication/30-2/Vol%2030(...

Abstract

Introduction: Foods consumed contain macro- and micronutrients necessary for the growth and development of children. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between macronutrient and micronutrient intakes with undernutrition in toddlers aged 12-23 months. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 18 Integrated Healthcare Centres (Posyandu) in Simpang Tiga, Aceh Besar Regency. A total of 138 toddlers were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data collected included family demographics, characteristics, nutritional status of children, and food consumption for macro- and micronutrient intake analyses. Results: Prevalence of malnutrition in toddlers was relatively high – severe underweight and underweight totaled 23.2%, severe wasting and wasting 18.1%, and severe stunting and stunting 27.5%. Significant associations (p<0.05) were found between underweight and intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, thiamin, and niacin. Wasting was significantly associated (p<0.05) with intakes of energy, protein, and vitamin A. Stunting was significantly associated (p<0.05) with intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. Conclusion: Certain macro- and micronutrient intakes were correlated with undernutrition in toddlers. The results of this study can be used as a reference for planning the development of supplementary feeding programmes for children aged 12-23 months, considering that the critical period of child growth and development is in the first 1000 days of life.

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Item Type:	Article
AGROVOC Term:	macronutrients
AGROVOC Term:	food intake
AGROVOC Term:	data collection
AGROVOC Term:	undernutrition
AGROVOC Term:	child growth
AGROVOC Term:	wasting
AGROVOC Term:	stunting
AGROVOC Term:	nutritional status
Geographical Term:	Indonesia
Uncontrolled Keywords:	macronutrient intake, micronutrients, toddlers, undernutrition
Depositing User:	Ms. Azariah Hashim
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 00:45
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 00:45
URI:	http://webagris.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/4095

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